2021-02-14
Published Date
Software & Services
Industry
107
Pages
The latest study on Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market by Read Market Research provides a detailed summary and overview of the global market. The base year considered in this report is considered 2020 whereas information for 2021 is estimated and forecast from 2022 till 2027. The CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) period of this report is 2021-2027. The Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market is valued at USD XX Million in the year 2020 and is estimated to grow at USD XX Million by the end of year 2027.The report will shed light on very important growth aspect of Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services and is a must have data for all the companies, investors, decision makers, top level executives and readers. The segmental analysis of the report provides detailed analysis on Revenue, Growth, Forecast By Region, Type and Applications for the period 2016-2027. The major vendors covered: Sun Direct TV Private Limited SES SA Eutelsat Dish Home TataSky Airtel Digital Videocon D2H Sun Direct Dish TV Big TV Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Analysis By Type Segment: Standard TV HD Ultra HD Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Analysis By Application Segment: Residential Commercial Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Analysis By Regions (Countries): The Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market has been thoroughly researched with the help of Primary and Secondary Research and has been validated by conduction interviews with industry experts across all the regions. As it is global study, we have included all the major regions. Bottom Up approach has been used to derive and define the market size and shares of regions. Regions such as U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. has been taken into consideration while deriving the market size and shares of regions. Key Details of Regions and Countries of Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Report: United States Europe China Japan Southeast Asia India Central & South America Key data provided: Market Size of Regions Market Share of Regions Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Historic Data From 2016-2020 Forecast Data From 2021-2027 Competitive Landscape of Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market: Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services market competitive landscape analysis sheds light on the current market structure by players. The report will help the readers to understand some most important questions of the global market. Key Questions Answered in Competitive Landscape- List of Key Players Revenue By players Market share of players The study objectives are: To analyze and research the Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market status and future forecast. To present the key Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market analysis of companies and present revenue, market share, and recent development for key players. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements and acquisitions in the market
Table of Contents 1 Report Overview 1.1 Study Scope 1.2 Key Market Segments 1.3 Players Covered 1.4 Market Analysis by Type 1.4.1 Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2016-2027) 1.4.2 Standard TV 1.4.3 HD 1.4.4 Ultra HD 1.5 Market by Application 1.5.1 Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Application (2016-2027) 1.5.2 Residential 1.5.3 Commercial 1.6 Study Objectives 1.7 Years Considered 2 Global Growth Trends 2.1 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size 2.2 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Growth Trends by Regions 2.2.1 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Regions (2016-2027) 2.2.2 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Regions (2016-2020) 2.3 Industry Trends 2.3.1 Market Top Trends 2.3.2 Market Drivers 2.3.3 Market Opportunities 3 Market Share by Key Players 3.1 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Manufacturers 3.1.1 Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2020) 3.1.2 Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020) 3.1.3 Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) 3.2 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Key Players Head office and Area Served 3.3 Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Product/Solution/Service 3.4 Date of Enter into Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market 3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application 4.1 Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type (2016-2020) 4.2 Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2016-2020) 5 United States 5.1 United States Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size (2016-2020) 5.2 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Key Players in United States 5.3 United States Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type 5.4 United States Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application 6 Europe 6.1 Europe Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size (2016-2020) 6.2 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Key Players in Europe 6.3 Europe Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type 6.4 Europe Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application 7 China 7.1 China Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size (2016-2020) 7.2 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Key Players in China 7.3 China Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type 7.4 China Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application 8 Japan 8.1 Japan Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size (2016-2020) 8.2 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Key Players in Japan 8.3 Japan Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type 8.4 Japan Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application 9 Southeast Asia 9.1 Southeast Asia Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size (2016-2020) 9.2 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Key Players in Southeast Asia 9.3 Southeast Asia Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type 9.4 Southeast Asia Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application 10 India 10.1 India Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size (2016-2020) 10.2 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Key Players in India 10.3 India Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type 10.4 India Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application 11 Central & South America 11.1 Central & South America Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size (2016-2020) 11.2 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Key Players in Central & South America 11.3 Central & South America Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type 11.4 Central & South America Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application 12 International Players Profiles 12.1 Sun Direct TV Private Limited 12.1.1 Sun Direct TV Private Limited Company Details 12.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview 12.1.3 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Introduction 12.1.4 Sun Direct TV Private Limited Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) 12.1.5 Sun Direct TV Private Limited Recent Development 12.2 SES SA 12.2.1 SES SA Company Details 12.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview 12.2.3 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Introduction 12.2.4 SES SA Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) 12.2.5 SES SA Recent Development 12.3 Eutelsat 12.3.1 Eutelsat Company Details 12.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview 12.3.3 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Introduction 12.3.4 Eutelsat Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) 12.3.5 Eutelsat Recent Development 12.4 Dish Home 12.4.1 Dish Home Company Details 12.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview 12.4.3 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Introduction 12.4.4 Dish Home Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) 12.4.5 Dish Home Recent Development 12.5 TataSky 12.5.1 TataSky Company Details 12.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview 12.5.3 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Introduction 12.5.4 TataSky Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) 12.5.5 TataSky Recent Development 12.6 Airtel Digital 12.6.1 Airtel Digital Company Details 12.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview 12.6.3 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Introduction 12.6.4 Airtel Digital Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) 12.6.5 Airtel Digital Recent Development 12.7 Videocon D2H 12.7.1 Videocon D2H Company Details 12.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview 12.7.3 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Introduction 12.7.4 Videocon D2H Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) 12.7.5 Videocon D2H Recent Development 12.8 Sun Direct 12.8.1 Sun Direct Company Details 12.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview 12.8.3 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Introduction 12.8.4 Sun Direct Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) 12.8.5 Sun Direct Recent Development 12.9 Dish TV 12.9.1 Dish TV Company Details 12.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview 12.9.3 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Introduction 12.9.4 Dish TV Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) 12.9.5 Dish TV Recent Development 12.10 Big TV 12.10.1 Big TV Company Details 12.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview 12.10.3 Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Introduction 12.10.4 Big TV Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) 12.10.5 Big TV Recent Development 13 Market Forecast 2021-2027 13.1 Market Size Forecast by Regions 13.2 United States 13.3 Europe 13.4 China 13.5 Japan 13.6 Southeast Asia 13.7 India 13.8 Central & South America 13.9 Market Size Forecast by Product (2021-2027) 13.10 Market Size Forecast by Application (2021-2027) 14 Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions 15 Appendix 15.1 Research Methodology 15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 15.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design 15.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation 12.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 15.1.2 Data Source 15.1.2.1 Secondary Sources 15.1.2.2 Primary Sources 15.2 Disclaimer 15.3 Author DetailsList of Tables and Figures
List of Tables and Figures Table Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Key Market Segments Table Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Covered Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2016-2027 (Million US$) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Market Share by Type 2016-2027 Figure Standard TV Figures Table Key Players of Standard TV Figure HD Figures Table Key Players of HD Figure Ultra HD Figures Table Key Players of Ultra HD Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Growth by Application 2016-2027 (Million US$) Figure Residential Case Studies Figure Commercial Case Studies Figure Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Report Years Considered Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size 2016-2027 (Million US$) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size and Growth Rate 2016-2027 (Million US$) Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Regions 2016-2027 (Million US$) Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Regions 2016-2020 (Million US$) Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Regions 2020 Table Market Top Trends Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue by Manufacturers (2020) (Million US$) Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Manufacturers (2020) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Manufacturers in 2020 Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table Key Players Head office and Area Served Table Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Product/Solution/Service Table Date of Enter into Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Share by Type (2016-2020) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2016-2020) Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Share by Application (2016-2020) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue Market Share by Application in 2020 Figure United States Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size 2016-2020 (Million US$) Table United States Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue (2020) (Million US$) Table United States Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share (2020) Table United States Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table United States Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Type (2016-2020) Table United States Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table United States Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Figure Europe Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size 2016-2020 (Million US$) Table Europe Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue (2020) (Million US$) Table Europe Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share (2020) Table Europe Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Europe Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Type (2016-2020) Table Europe Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Europe Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Figure China Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size 2016-2020 (Million US$) Table China Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue (2020) (Million US$) Table China Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share (2020) Table China Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table China Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Type (2016-2020) Table China Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table China Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Figure Japan Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size 2016-2020 (Million US$) Table Japan Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue (2020) (Million US$) Table Japan Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share (2020) Table Japan Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Japan Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Type (2016-2020) Table Japan Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Japan Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Figure Southeast Asia Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size 2016-2020 (Million US$) Table Southeast Asia Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue (2020) (Million US$) Table Southeast Asia Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share (2020) Table Southeast Asia Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Southeast Asia Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Type (2016-2020) Table Southeast Asia Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Southeast Asia Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Figure India Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size 2016-2020 (Million US$) Table India Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue (2020) (Million US$) Table India Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share (2020) Table India Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table India Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Type (2016-2020) Table India Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table India Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Figure Central & South America Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size 2016-2020 (Million US$) Table Central & South America Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Revenue (2020) (Million US$) Table Central & South America Key Players Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share (2020) Table Central & South America Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Central & South America Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Type (2016-2020) Table Central & South America Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Central & South America Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Table Sun Direct TV Private Limited Company Details Table Sun Direct TV Private Limited Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) (Million US$) Figure Sun Direct TV Private Limited Revenue Growth Rate in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) Table Sun Direct TV Private Limited Recent Development Table SES SA Company Details Table SES SA Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020)(MilliOn us$) Figure SES SA Revenue Growth Rate in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) Table SES SA Recent Development Table Eutelsat Company Details Table Eutelsat Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020)(MilliOn us$) Figure Eutelsat Revenue Growth Rate in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) Table Eutelsat Recent Development Table Dish Home Company Details Table Dish Home Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020)(MilliOn us$) Figure Dish Home Revenue Growth Rate in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) Table Dish Home Recent Development Table TataSky Company Details Table TataSky Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020)(MilliOn us$) Figure TataSky Revenue Growth Rate in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) Table TataSky Recent Development Table Airtel Digital Company Details Table Airtel Digital Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020)(MilliOn us$) Figure Airtel Digital Revenue Growth Rate in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) Table Airtel Digital Recent Development Table Videocon D2H Company Details Table Videocon D2H Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020)(MilliOn us$) Figure Videocon D2H Revenue Growth Rate in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) Table Videocon D2H Recent Development Table Sun Direct Company Details Table Sun Direct Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020)(MilliOn us$) Figure Sun Direct Revenue Growth Rate in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) Table Sun Direct Recent Development Table Dish TV Company Details Table Dish TV Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020)(MilliOn us$) Figure Dish TV Revenue Growth Rate in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) Table Dish TV Recent Development Table Big TV Company Details Table Big TV Revenue in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020)(MilliOn us$) Figure Big TV Revenue Growth Rate in Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Business (2020) Table Big TV Recent Development Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Regions (Million US$) 2021-2027 Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Share by Regions (2021-2027) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Share by Regions in 2027 Figure United States Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Forecast (2021-2027)(Million USD) Figure Europe Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Forecast (2021-2027)(Million USD) Figure China Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Forecast (2021-2027)(Million USD) Figure Japan Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Forecast (2021-2027)(Million USD) Figure Southeast Asia Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Forecast (2021-2027)(Million USD) Figure India Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Forecast (2021-2027)(Million USD) Figure Central & South America Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size Forecast (2021-2027)(Million USD) Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Product (2021-2027) (Million US$) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Product (2021-2027) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Product in 2027 Table Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2021-2027) (Million US$) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application (2021-2027) Figure Global Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite Television Services Market Size by Application in 2027 Table Research Programs/Design for This Report Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure Data Triangulation Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources