2021-01-24
Published Date
Foods & Beverages
Industry
102
Pages
Global Shiitake Extracts Market has been getting lots of traction from different emerging countries and regions and in the times of COVID-19, the market is expected to change % in terms of year on year growth. To study the impact of COVID-19, the research has been segmented by Type, By Application, By Regions and By Companies. The report will shed light on very important growth aspect of Shiitake Extracts and is a must have data for all the companies, investors, decision makers, top level executives and readers.
The segmental analysis of the report provides detailed analysis on Revenue, Growth, Forecast By Region, Type and Applications for the period 2016-2027.
Shiitake Extracts Market Analysis By Type Segment:
20% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides
30% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides
50% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides
Key data provided:
Market Size By Application
Market Share By Application
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
Historic Data From 2016-2020
Forecast Data From 2021-2027
Price (If Available)
Shiitake Extracts Market Analysis By Application Segment:
Pharmaceuticals
Food Additives
Dietary Supplement
Other
Key data provided:
Market Size By Application
Market Share By Application
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
Historic Data From 2016-2020
Forecast Data From 2021-2027
Shiitake Extracts Market Analysis By Regions (Countries):-
The Shiitake Extracts Market has been thoroughly researched with help of Primary and Secondary Research and has been validated by conduction interviews with industry experts across all the regions. As it is global study, we have included all the regions i.e. North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa.
Bottom Up approach has been used to derive and define the market size and shares of regions. Regions such as U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. has been taken into consideration while deriving the market size and shares of regions.
Key Details of Regions and Countries of Shiitake Extracts Report:
North America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Latin America
Middle East and Africa
Key data provided:
Market Size By Regions and Countries
Market Share By Regions and Countries
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
Historic Data From 2016-2020
Forecast Data From 2021-2027
Competitive Landscape of Shiitake Extracts Market:
Shiitake Extracts market competitive landscape analysis sheds light on the current market structure by players. The report will help the readers to understand some most important questions of the global market.
Key Questions Answered in Competitive Landscape-
List of Key Players
Revenue By players
Market share of players
Product Offerings
The major vendors covered:
Nutra Green
NAMMEX
Xi'an Greena Biotech
Source Naturals
Biofungi Supplements AG
Nikken Foods
The study objectives are:
To analyze and research the Shiitake Extracts Market status and future forecast in North America, Europe, APAC and MEA involving value (revenue), growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
To present the key Shiitake Extracts Market analysis of companies and present revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market
Available Customizations in The Report:
We can add additional companies as per your choice in the report
We can add specific country/countries of your choice
We can add additional segments such as market by technology, raw material, distribution channel, platform etc.*
Investment Analysis in specific country
We can source details of suppliers and distributors for potential collaboration
* Data is subject to availability
Table of Contents
1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Shiitake Extracts Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2020-2027)
1.3.2 20% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides
1.3.3 30% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides
1.3.4 50% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Application (2020-2027)
1.4.2 Pharmaceuticals
1.4.3 Food Additives
1.4.4 Dietary Supplement
1.4.5 Other
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global Shiitake Extracts Market Size
2.1.1 Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue 2016-2027
2.1.2 Global Shiitake Extracts Sales 2016-2027
2.2 Shiitake Extracts Growth Rate by Regions
2.2.1 Global Shiitake Extracts Sales by Regions 2016-2020
2.2.2 Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue by Regions 2016-2020
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Shiitake Extracts Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Shiitake Extracts Sales by Manufacturers 2016-2020
3.1.2 Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Manufacturers 2016-2020
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Shiitake Extracts Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
3.2.2 Shiitake Extracts Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
3.2.3 Global Shiitake Extracts Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Shiitake Extracts Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Shiitake Extracts Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Shiitake Extracts Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Shiitake Extracts Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Sales and Revenue for Each Type
4.1.1 20% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
4.1.2 30% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
4.1.3 50% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
4.2 Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Market Share by Type
4.4 Shiitake Extracts Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Shiitake Extracts Sales by Application
6 United States
6.1 United States Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Company
6.2 United States Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Type
6.3 United States Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Application
7 European Union
7.1 European Union Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Company
7.2 European Union Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Type
7.3 European Union Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Application
8 China
8.1 China Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Company
8.2 China Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Type
8.3 China Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Application
9 Rest of World
9.1 Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Company
9.2 Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Type
9.3 Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Application
9.4 Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Breakdown Data by Countries
9.4.1 Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales by Countries
9.4.2 Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Revenue by Countries
9.4.3 Japan
9.4.4 Korea
9.4.5 India
9.4.6 Southeast Asia
10 Company Profiles
10.1 Nutra Green
10.1.1 Nutra Green Company Details
10.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.1.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Shiitake Extracts
10.1.4 Shiitake Extracts Product Introduction
10.1.5 Nutra Green Recent Development
10.2 NAMMEX
10.2.1 NAMMEX Company Details
10.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.2.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Shiitake Extracts
10.2.4 Shiitake Extracts Product Introduction
10.2.5 NAMMEX Recent Development
10.3 Xi'an Greena Biotech
10.3.1 Xi'an Greena Biotech Company Details
10.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.3.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Shiitake Extracts
10.3.4 Shiitake Extracts Product Introduction
10.3.5 Xi'an Greena Biotech Recent Development
10.4 Source Naturals
10.4.1 Source Naturals Company Details
10.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.4.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Shiitake Extracts
10.4.4 Shiitake Extracts Product Introduction
10.4.5 Source Naturals Recent Development
10.5 Biofungi Supplements AG
10.5.1 Biofungi Supplements AG Company Details
10.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.5.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Shiitake Extracts
10.5.4 Shiitake Extracts Product Introduction
10.5.5 Biofungi Supplements AG Recent Development
10.6 Nikken Foods
10.6.1 Nikken Foods Company Details
10.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.6.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Shiitake Extracts
10.6.4 Shiitake Extracts Product Introduction
10.6.5 Nikken Foods Recent Development
11 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
11.1 Value Chain Analysis
11.2 Sales Channels Analysis
11.2.1 Shiitake Extracts Sales Channels
11.2.2 Shiitake Extracts Distributors
11.3 Shiitake Extracts Customers
12 Market Forecast
12.1 Global Shiitake Extracts Sales and Revenue Forecast 2020-2027
12.2 Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast by Type
12.3 Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast by Application
12.4 Shiitake Extracts Forecast by Regions
12.4.1 Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast by Regions 2020-2027
12.4.2 Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast by Regions 2020-2027
12.5 United States Market Forecast
12.6 European Union Market Forecast
12.7 China Market Forecast
12.8 Rest of World
12.8.1 Japan
12.8.2 Korea
12.8.3 India
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Research Methodology
14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
14.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
14.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
14.1.2 Data Source
14.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
14.1.2.2 Primary Sources
14.2 Author Details
14.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Shiitake Extracts Product Picture
Table Shiitake Extracts Key Market Segments
Table Major Manufacturers Shiitake Extracts Covered in This Report
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2020-2027(K MT) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Shar by Type 2016-2027
Figure 20% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of 20% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides
Figure 30% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of 30% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides
Figure 50% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of 50% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Application 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Pharmaceuticals Use Case
Figure Food Additives Use Case
Figure Dietary Supplement Use Case
Figure Other Use Case
Figure Shiitake Extracts Report Years Considered
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Market Size 2016-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales 2016-2020 (K MT)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Market Size by Regions 2016-2020 (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales by Regions 2016-2020 (K MT)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue by Regions 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Shiitake Extracts Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (Million USD)
Table Shiitake Extracts Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Shiitake Extracts Value Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Key Manufacturers Shiitake Extracts Price (2016-2020) (USD/MT)
Table Key Manufacturers Shiitake Extracts Plants/Factories Distribution
Table Key Manufacturers Shiitake Extracts Area Served
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Shiitake Extracts Market
Table Key Manufacturers Shiitake Extracts Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global 20% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global 30% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global 50% UV Shiitake Polysaccharides Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Shiitake Extracts Price by Type 2016-2020 (USD/MT)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Global Sales Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Global Sales Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure United States Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K MT)
Figure United States Shiitake Extracts Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table United States Shiitake Extracts Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table United States Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure United States Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table United States Shiitake Extracts Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table United States Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure United States Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Type in 2020
Table United States Shiitake Extracts Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table United States Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure United States Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure European Union Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K MT)
Figure European Union Shiitake Extracts Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table European Union Shiitake Extracts Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table European Union Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure European Union Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table European Union Shiitake Extracts Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table European Union Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure 2020 European Union Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Type
Table European Union Shiitake Extracts Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table European Union Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure 2020 European Union Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Application
Figure China Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K MT)
Figure China Shiitake Extracts Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table China Shiitake Extracts Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table China Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure China Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table China Shiitake Extracts Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table China Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure China Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Type in 2020
Table China Shiitake Extracts Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table China Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure China Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K MT)
Figure Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Market Share by Application in 2020
Table Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales by Countries (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Countries (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share by Countries in 2020
Table Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Revenue by Countries (2016-2020) (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Revenue Market Share by Countries (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Shiitake Extracts Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2020
Figure Japan Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
Figure Japan Shiitake Extracts Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
Figure Korea Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
Figure Korea Shiitake Extracts Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
Figure India Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
Figure India Shiitake Extracts Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Shiitake Extracts Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
Table Nutra Green Company Details
Table Nutra Green Description and Business Overview
Table Nutra Green Shiitake Extracts Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Nutra Green Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Nutra Green Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Nutra Green Recent Development
Table NAMMEX Company Details
Table NAMMEX Description and Business Overview
Table NAMMEX Shiitake Extracts Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table NAMMEX Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table NAMMEX Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table NAMMEX Recent Development
Table Xi'an Greena Biotech Company Details
Table Xi'an Greena Biotech Description and Business Overview
Table Xi'an Greena Biotech Shiitake Extracts Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Xi'an Greena Biotech Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Xi'an Greena Biotech Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Xi'an Greena Biotech Recent Development
Table Source Naturals Company Details
Table Source Naturals Description and Business Overview
Table Source Naturals Shiitake Extracts Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Source Naturals Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Source Naturals Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Source Naturals Recent Development
Table Biofungi Supplements AG Company Details
Table Biofungi Supplements AG Description and Business Overview
Table Biofungi Supplements AG Shiitake Extracts Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Biofungi Supplements AG Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Biofungi Supplements AG Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Biofungi Supplements AG Recent Development
Table Nikken Foods Company Details
Table Nikken Foods Description and Business Overview
Table Nikken Foods Shiitake Extracts Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Nikken Foods Shiitake Extracts Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Nikken Foods Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Nikken Foods Recent Development
Figure Shiitake Extracts Value Chain
Table Shiitake Extracts Distributors List
Table Shiitake Extracts Customers List
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast 2020-2027(K MT) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast 2020-2027(Million US$)
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast by Type 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast by Type 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share Forecast by Type 2020-2025
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast by Application 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast by Application 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share Forecast by Application 2020-2025
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast by Regions 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast by Regions 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Sales Market Share Forecast by Regions 2020-2025
Table Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast by Regions 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast by Regions 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Global Shiitake Extracts Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2020-2025
Figure United States Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure United States Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast 2020-2027(Million US$)
Figure European Union Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure European Union Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast 2020-2027(Million US$)
Figure China Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure China Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast 2020-2027(Million US$)
Figure Japan Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Japan Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast 2020-2027(Million US$)
Figure Korea Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Korea Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast 2020-2027(Million US$)
Figure India Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure India Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast 2020-2027(Million US$)
Figure Southeast Asia Shiitake Extracts Sales Forecast 2020-2027(K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Shiitake Extracts Revenue Forecast 2020-2027(Million US$)
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources