2021-06-20
Published Date
Consumer Discretionary
Industry
118
Pages
The global Fighting Knives market is growing with significant growth from last couple of years. In the year 2020, the market of Fighting Knives was valued at USD XX Million and is expected to reach USD XXX million by the end of the year 2027. , The report is designed to offer very important and crucial information about the Fighting Knives market and industry. For the purpose of this study, the market of Fighting Knives has been segmented into type, application, regions and countries. Each segment of the report will provide a detailed analysis of the market in terms of quantitative and qualitative information, the report offers market revenue (USD Million), market share in %, market CAGR from 2021 to 2027. The report provides a detailed qualitative analysis of the Fighting Knives market which includes Market Drivers to explain the driving factors of the market and demand, Market Challenges to explain the restraints of the market and growth and Market Opportunities to explain the upcoming trends and opportunities left for the newcomers of the market and where can the existing companies focus in order to gain competitive advantage. The Fighting Knives report also provides a detailed Porter's Five Forces, Micro and Macro Economic analysis which can help the readers and the users of the report to understand and draw a sound business decision. The readers of the report will have a deep , insightful analysis that will help in understanding the market size, market share, CAGR, country specific analysis and market share for Fighting Knives market. Market Segmentation One of the very important chapter of Fighting Knives market report is competitive analysis. In this chapter, we have presented a detailed overview of the competition and have provided the market revenue of each company along with the market share. The companies mentioned in the report are: TAC Force SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Smith & Wesson TOPS Zero Benchmade Spyderco Microtech NDZ Performance Buck Knives Gerber Kershaw WarTech Schrade Tiger USA BlackHawk AITOR Condor Extrema Ratio Sheffield DARK OPS A.R.S Note: We can also add companies which are not part of the above list Global Fighting Knives Market Analysis By Type Smaller than 2 Inches 2-3 Inches Larger than 3Inches In the year 2020, Smaller than 2 Inches segment had XX% of market share and in terms of value, the Smaller than 2 Inches market was valued at USD XX Million. , It is expected that Smaller than 2 Inches will have XX% of market share by the end of year 2027 and the incremental growth from 2021 till 2027 is expected to be USD XX Million. Global Fighting Knives Market Analysis By Application Personal Use Military Use Personal Use segment is expected to account for XX% of market share by the end of year 2027 from XX% in 2020. The Personal Use segment is expected to grow at USD XX million by the end of year 2027. The major regions covered in the report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, etc. The following regions has been further bifurcated into countries to provide an insightful analysis for the readers. Global Fighting Knives market: regional analysis, the major regions covered in the report are: North America Europe China Japan Southeast Asia India The study objectives are: To analyze and research the Fighting Knives Market status and future forecast. To present the key Fighting Knives Market analysis of companies and present revenue, market share, and recent development for key players. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications. To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions. To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market. Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ: How big is the opportunity for the Fighting Knives market What are the recent industry development that can be implemented to generate additional revenue streams Who are the major players operating in the Fighting Knives market Which companies are the front runners
Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Industry Overview of Fighting Knives 1.1 Definition of Fighting Knives 1.2 Fighting Knives Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2016-2027) 1.2.2 Smaller than 2 Inches 1.2.3 2-3 Inches 1.2.4 Larger than 3Inches 1.3 Fighting Knives Segment by Applications 1.3.1 Global Fighting Knives Consumption Comparison by Applications (2016-2027) 1.3.2 Personal Use 1.3.3 Military Use 1.4 Global Fighting Knives Overall Market 1.4.1 Global Fighting Knives Revenue (2016-2027) 1.4.2 Global Fighting Knives Production (2016-2027) 1.4.3 North America Fighting Knives Status and Prospect (2016-2027) 1.4.4 Europe Fighting Knives Status and Prospect (2016-2027) 1.4.5 China Fighting Knives Status and Prospect (2016-2027) 1.4.6 Japan Fighting Knives Status and Prospect (2016-2027) 1.4.7 Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Status and Prospect (2016-2027) 1.4.8 India Fighting Knives Status and Prospect (2016-2027) 2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers 2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Fighting Knives 2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Fighting Knives 2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Fighting Knives 3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Fighting Knives 3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date 3.2 Global Fighting Knives Manufacturing Plants Distribution 3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Fighting Knives 3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans 4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers 4.1 Fighting Knives Production and Capacity Analysis 4.2 Fighting Knives Revenue Analysis 4.3 Fighting Knives Price Analysis 4.4 Market Concentration Degree 5 Fighting Knives Regional Market Analysis 5.1 Fighting Knives Production by Regions 5.1.1 Global Fighting Knives Production by Regions 5.1.2 Global Fighting Knives Revenue by Regions 5.2 Fighting Knives Consumption by Regions 5.3 North America Fighting Knives Market Analysis 5.3.1 North America Fighting Knives Production 5.3.2 North America Fighting Knives Revenue 5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America 5.3.4 North America Fighting Knives Import and Export 5.4 Europe Fighting Knives Market Analysis 5.4.1 Europe Fighting Knives Production 5.4.2 Europe Fighting Knives Revenue 5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe 5.4.4 Europe Fighting Knives Import and Export 5.5 China Fighting Knives Market Analysis 5.5.1 China Fighting Knives Production 5.5.2 China Fighting Knives Revenue 5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China 5.5.4 China Fighting Knives Import and Export 5.6 Japan Fighting Knives Market Analysis 5.6.1 Japan Fighting Knives Production 5.6.2 Japan Fighting Knives Revenue 5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan 5.6.4 Japan Fighting Knives Import and Export 5.7 Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Market Analysis 5.7.1 Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Production 5.7.2 Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Revenue 5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia 5.7.4 Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Import and Export 5.8 India Fighting Knives Market Analysis 5.8.1 India Fighting Knives Production 5.8.2 India Fighting Knives Revenue 5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India 5.8.4 India Fighting Knives Import and Export 6 Fighting Knives Segment Market Analysis (by Type) 6.1 Global Fighting Knives Production by Type 6.2 Global Fighting Knives Revenue by Type 6.3 Fighting Knives Price by Type 7 Fighting Knives Segment Market Analysis (by Application) 7.1 Global Fighting Knives Consumption by Application 7.2 Global Fighting Knives Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2020) 8 Fighting Knives Major Manufacturers Analysis 8.1 TAC Force 8.1.1 TAC Force Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served 8.1.2 TAC Force Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.1.3 TAC Force Fighting Knives Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020) 8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.2 SOG Specialty Knives & Tools 8.2.1 SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served 8.2.2 SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.2.3 SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Fighting Knives Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020) 8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.3 Smith & Wesson 8.3.1 Smith & Wesson Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served 8.3.2 Smith & Wesson Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.3.3 Smith & Wesson Fighting Knives Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020) 8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.4 TOPS 8.4.1 TOPS Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served 8.4.2 TOPS Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.4.3 TOPS Fighting Knives Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020) 8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.5 Zero 8.5.1 Zero Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served 8.5.2 Zero Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.5.3 Zero Fighting Knives Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020) 8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.6 Benchmade 8.6.1 Benchmade Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served 8.6.2 Benchmade Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.6.3 Benchmade Fighting Knives Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020) 8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.7 Spyderco 8.7.1 Spyderco Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served 8.7.2 Spyderco Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.7.3 Spyderco Fighting Knives Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020) 8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.8 Microtech 8.8.1 Microtech Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served 8.8.2 Microtech Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.8.3 Microtech Fighting Knives Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020) 8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.9 NDZ Performance 8.9.1 NDZ Performance Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served 8.9.2 NDZ Performance Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.9.3 NDZ Performance Fighting Knives Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020) 8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.10 Buck Knives 8.10.1 Buck Knives Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served 8.10.2 Buck Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification 8.10.3 Buck Knives Fighting Knives Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020) 8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8.11 Gerber 8.12 Kershaw 8.13 WarTech 8.14 Schrade 8.15 Tiger USA 8.16 BlackHawk 8.17 AITOR 8.18 Condor 8.19 Extrema Ratio 8.20 Sheffield 8.21 DARK OPS 8.22 A.R.S 9 Development Trend of Analysis of Fighting Knives Market 9.1 Global Fighting Knives Market Trend Analysis 9.1.1 Global Fighting Knives Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2021-2027 9.2 Fighting Knives Regional Market Trend 9.2.1 North America Fighting Knives Forecast 2021-2027 9.2.2 Europe Fighting Knives Forecast 2021-2027 9.2.3 China Fighting Knives Forecast 2021-2027 9.2.4 Japan Fighting Knives Forecast 2021-2027 9.2.5 Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Forecast 2021-2027 9.2.6 India Fighting Knives Forecast 2021-2027 9.3 Fighting Knives Market Trend (Product Type) 9.4 Fighting Knives Market Trend (Application) 10.1 Marketing Channel 10.1.1 Direct Marketing 10.1.2 Indirect Marketing 10.3 Fighting Knives Customers 11 Market Dynamics 11.1 Market Trends 11.2 Opportunities 11.3 Market Drivers 11.4 Challenges 11.5 Influence Factors 12 Conclusion 13 Appendix 13.1 Methodology/Research Approach 13.1.1 Research Programs/Design 13.1.2 Market Size Estimation 13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 13.2 Data Source 13.2.1 Secondary Sources 13.2.2 Primary Sources 13.3 DisclaimerList of Tables and Figures
List of Tables and Figures Figure Picture of Fighting Knives Table Global Fighting Knives Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2016-2027) Figure Global Fighting Knives Production Market Share by Types in 2020 Figure Smaller than 2 Inches Product Picture Figure 2-3 Inches Product Picture Figure Larger than 3Inches Product Picture Table Global Fighting Knives Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2016-2027) Figure Global Fighting Knives Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2020 Figure Personal Use Figure Military Use Figure Global Fighting Knives Revenue (Million USD) (2016-2027) Figure Global Fighting Knives Production (K Units) (2016-2027) Figure North America Fighting Knives Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027) Figure Europe Fighting Knives Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027) Figure China Fighting Knives Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027) Figure Japan Fighting Knives Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027) Figure Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027) Figure India Fighting Knives Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027) Table Fighting Knives Raw Material and Suppliers Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Fighting Knives in 2020 Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Fighting Knives Figure Industry Chain Structure of Fighting Knives Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers Table Global Fighting Knives Manufacturing Plants Distribution Table Fighting Knives Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future Table Fighting Knives Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020) Table Fighting Knives Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020) Table Fighting Knives Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020) Figure Fighting Knives Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020 Table Fighting Knives Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020) Table Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020) Figure Fighting Knives Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020 Table Fighting Knives Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020) Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table Global Fighting Knives Production by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units) Table Global Fighting Knives Production Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure Global Fighting Knives Production Market Share by Regions in 2020 Table Global Fighting Knives Revenue by Regions 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table Global Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure Global Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020 Table Global Fighting Knives Consumption by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units) Table Global Fighting Knives Consumption Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure North America Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure North America Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table North America Fighting Knives Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure Europe Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure Europe Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table Europe Fighting Knives Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure China Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure China Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table China Fighting Knives Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure Japan Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure Japan Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table Japan Fighting Knives Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure India Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure India Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table India Fighting Knives Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units) Figure Global Consumption Fighting Knives Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Figure Global Value (Consumption) Fighting Knives Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Table TAC Force Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table TAC Force Fighting Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table TAC Force Fighting Knives Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table TAC Force Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table TAC Force Fighting Knives Production Market Share (2016-2020) Figure TAC Force Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share (2016-2020) Table TAC Force Fighting Knives Main Business and Markets Served Table SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Fighting Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Fighting Knives Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Fighting Knives Production Market Share (2016-2020) Figure SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share (2016-2020) Table SOG Specialty Knives & Tools Fighting Knives Main Business and Markets Served Table Smith & Wesson Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Smith & Wesson Fighting Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Smith & Wesson Fighting Knives Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Smith & Wesson Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Smith & Wesson Fighting Knives Production Market Share (2016-2020) Figure Smith & Wesson Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share (2016-2020) Table Smith & Wesson Fighting Knives Main Business and Markets Served Table TOPS Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table TOPS Fighting Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table TOPS Fighting Knives Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table TOPS Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table TOPS Fighting Knives Production Market Share (2016-2020) Figure TOPS Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share (2016-2020) Table TOPS Fighting Knives Main Business and Markets Served Table Zero Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Zero Fighting Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Zero Fighting Knives Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Zero Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Zero Fighting Knives Production Market Share (2016-2020) Figure Zero Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share (2016-2020) Table Zero Fighting Knives Main Business and Markets Served Table Benchmade Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Benchmade Fighting Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Benchmade Fighting Knives Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Benchmade Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Benchmade Fighting Knives Production Market Share (2016-2020) Figure Benchmade Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share (2016-2020) Table Benchmade Fighting Knives Main Business and Markets Served Table Spyderco Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Spyderco Fighting Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Spyderco Fighting Knives Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Spyderco Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Spyderco Fighting Knives Production Market Share (2016-2020) Figure Spyderco Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share (2016-2020) Table Spyderco Fighting Knives Main Business and Markets Served Table Microtech Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Microtech Fighting Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Microtech Fighting Knives Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Microtech Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Microtech Fighting Knives Production Market Share (2016-2020) Figure Microtech Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share (2016-2020) Table Microtech Fighting Knives Main Business and Markets Served Table NDZ Performance Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table NDZ Performance Fighting Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table NDZ Performance Fighting Knives Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table NDZ Performance Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table NDZ Performance Fighting Knives Production Market Share (2016-2020) Figure NDZ Performance Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share (2016-2020) Table NDZ Performance Fighting Knives Main Business and Markets Served Table Buck Knives Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Buck Knives Fighting Knives Product Introduction, Application and Specification Table Buck Knives Fighting Knives Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Buck Knives Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Buck Knives Fighting Knives Production Market Share (2016-2020) Figure Buck Knives Fighting Knives Revenue Market Share (2016-2020) Table Buck Knives Fighting Knives Main Business and Markets Served Table Gerber Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Kershaw Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table WarTech Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Schrade Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Tiger USA Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table BlackHawk Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table AITOR Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Condor Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Extrema Ratio Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table Sheffield Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table DARK OPS Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Table A.R.S Fighting Knives Production Sites and Area Served Figure Global Fighting Knives Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 Figure Global Fighting Knives Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 Figure Global Fighting Knives Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2021-2027 Figure North America Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure North America Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD) Figure Europe Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Europe Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD) Figure China Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure China Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD) Figure Japan Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Japan Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD) Figure Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Southeast Asia Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD) Figure India Fighting Knives Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure India Fighting Knives Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD) Table Global Production (K Units) of Fighting Knives by Type (2021-2027) Table Global Consumption (K Units) of Fighting Knives by Application (2021-2027) Table Fighting Knives Distributors List Table Fighting Knives Customers List Table Market Key Trends Table Key Opportunities Table Market Key Drivers Table Key Challenges Table Key Influence Factors Table Research Programs/Design for This Report Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure Data Triangulation Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources