2021-06-14
Published Date
Healthcare
Industry
107
Pages
The global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems market is growing with significant growth from last couple of years. In the year 2020, the market of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems was valued at USD XX Million and is expected to reach USD XXX million by the end of the year 2027. ,
The report is designed to offer very important and crucial information about the Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems market and industry. For the purpose of this study, the market of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems has been segmented into type, application, regions and countries. Each segment of the report will provide a detailed analysis of the market in terms of quantitative and qualitative information, the report offers market revenue (USD Million), market share in %, market CAGR from 2021 to 2027.
The report provides a detailed qualitative analysis of the Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems market which includes Market Drivers to explain the driving factors of the market and demand, Market Challenges to explain the restraints of the market and growth and Market Opportunities to explain the upcoming trends and opportunities left for the newcomers of the market and where can the existing companies focus in order to gain competitive advantage. The Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems report also provides a detailed Porter's Five Forces, Micro and Macro Economic analysis which can help the readers and the users of the report to understand and draw a sound business decision.
The readers of the report will have a deep , insightful analysis that will help in understanding the market size, market share, CAGR, country specific analysis and market share for Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems market.
Market Segmentation
One of the very important chapter of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems market report is competitive analysis. In this chapter, we have presented a detailed overview of the competition and have provided the market revenue of each company along with the market share.
The companies mentioned in the report are:
Canon Medical Systems
GE Healthcare
Samsung Healthcare
Siemens Healthcare
Koninklijke Philips
Note: We can also add companies which are not part of the above list
Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Analysis By Type
Hardware Devices
Software System
In the year 2020, Hardware Devices segment had XX% of market share and in terms of value, the Hardware Devices market was valued at USD XX Million. , It is expected that Hardware Devices will have XX% of market share by the end of year 2027 and the incremental growth from 2021 till 2027 is expected to be USD XX Million.
Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Analysis By Application
Hospital
Medical Center
Other
Hospital segment is expected to account for XX% of market share by the end of year 2027 from XX% in 2020. The Hospital segment is expected to grow at USD XX million by the end of year 2027.
The major regions covered in the report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, etc. The following regions has been further bifurcated into countries to provide an insightful analysis for the readers.
Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems market: regional analysis, the major regions covered in the report are:
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India
The study objectives are:
To analyze and research the Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market status and future forecast.
To present the key Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market analysis of companies and present revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications.
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ:
How big is the opportunity for the Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems market
What are the recent industry development that can be implemented to generate additional revenue streams
Who are the major players operating in the Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems market Which companies are the front runners
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems
1.1 Definition of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems
1.2 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2016-2027)
1.2.2 Hardware Devices
1.2.3 Software System
1.3 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Consumption Comparison by Applications (2016-2027)
1.3.2 Hospital
1.3.3 Medical Center
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue (2016-2027)
1.4.2 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production (2016-2027)
1.4.3 North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
1.4.4 Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
1.4.5 China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
1.4.6 Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
1.4.8 India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Analysis
4.3 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue by Regions
5.2 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production
5.3.2 North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Import and Export
5.4 Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production
5.4.2 Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Import and Export
5.5 China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production
5.5.2 China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Import and Export
5.6 Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production
5.6.2 Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Import and Export
5.8 India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production
5.8.2 India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Import and Export
6 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production by Type
6.2 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue by Type
6.3 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Price by Type
7 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
8 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Canon Medical Systems
8.1.1 Canon Medical Systems Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Canon Medical Systems Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Canon Medical Systems Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 GE Healthcare
8.2.1 GE Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 GE Healthcare Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 GE Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Samsung Healthcare
8.3.1 Samsung Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Samsung Healthcare Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Samsung Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Siemens Healthcare
8.4.1 Siemens Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Siemens Healthcare Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Siemens Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Koninklijke Philips
8.5.1 Koninklijke Philips Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Koninklijke Philips Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Koninklijke Philips Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market
9.1 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2021-2027
9.2 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Forecast 2021-2027
9.2.2 Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Forecast 2021-2027
9.2.3 China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Forecast 2021-2027
9.2.4 Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Forecast 2021-2027
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Forecast 2021-2027
9.2.6 India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Forecast 2021-2027
9.3 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems
Table Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2016-2027)
Figure Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Market Share by Types in 2020
Figure Hardware Devices Product Picture
Figure Software System Product Picture
Table Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2016-2027)
Figure Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2020
Figure Hospital
Figure Medical Center
Figure Other
Figure Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production (K Units) (2016-2027)
Figure North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Table Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems in 2020
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Table Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Table Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Table Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units)
Table Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue by Regions 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Consumption by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units)
Table Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Consumption Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Global Consumption Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Table Canon Medical Systems Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Sites and Area Served
Table Canon Medical Systems Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Canon Medical Systems Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Canon Medical Systems Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Canon Medical Systems Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure Canon Medical Systems Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table Canon Medical Systems Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table GE Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Sites and Area Served
Table GE Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table GE Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table GE Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table GE Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure GE Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table GE Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table Samsung Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Sites and Area Served
Table Samsung Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Samsung Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Samsung Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Samsung Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure Samsung Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table Samsung Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table Siemens Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Sites and Area Served
Table Siemens Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Siemens Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Siemens Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Siemens Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure Siemens Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table Siemens Healthcare Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table Koninklijke Philips Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Sites and Area Served
Table Koninklijke Philips Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Koninklijke Philips Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Koninklijke Philips Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Koninklijke Philips Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure Koninklijke Philips Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table Koninklijke Philips Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Figure Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027
Figure Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027
Figure Global Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2021-2027
Figure North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure North America Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Europe Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Figure China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure China Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Japan Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Figure India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure India Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K Units) of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems by Type (2021-2027)
Table Global Consumption (K Units) of Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems by Application (2021-2027)
Table Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Distributors List
Table Advanced Ultrasound Imaging Systems Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources