2021-06-14
Published Date
Consumer Discretionary
Industry
116
Pages
The global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket market is growing with significant growth from last couple of years. In the year 2020, the market of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket was valued at USD XX Million and is expected to reach USD XXX million by the end of the year 2027. ,
The report is designed to offer very important and crucial information about the Motorcycle Airbag Jacket market and industry. For the purpose of this study, the market of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket has been segmented into type, application, regions and countries. Each segment of the report will provide a detailed analysis of the market in terms of quantitative and qualitative information, the report offers market revenue (USD Million), market share in %, market CAGR from 2021 to 2027.
The report provides a detailed qualitative analysis of the Motorcycle Airbag Jacket market which includes Market Drivers to explain the driving factors of the market and demand, Market Challenges to explain the restraints of the market and growth and Market Opportunities to explain the upcoming trends and opportunities left for the newcomers of the market and where can the existing companies focus in order to gain competitive advantage. The Motorcycle Airbag Jacket report also provides a detailed Porter's Five Forces, Micro and Macro Economic analysis which can help the readers and the users of the report to understand and draw a sound business decision.
The readers of the report will have a deep , insightful analysis that will help in understanding the market size, market share, CAGR, country specific analysis and market share for Motorcycle Airbag Jacket market.
Market Segmentation
One of the very important chapter of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket market report is competitive analysis. In this chapter, we have presented a detailed overview of the competition and have provided the market revenue of each company along with the market share.
The companies mentioned in the report are:
Alpinestars
Bering
Dainese
HELITE
MOTOAIR
DPI Safety
SPIDI Sport
Note: We can also add companies which are not part of the above list
Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Analysis By Type
Cord
Cordless
In the year 2020, Cord segment had XX% of market share and in terms of value, the Cord market was valued at USD XX Million. , It is expected that Cord will have XX% of market share by the end of year 2027 and the incremental growth from 2021 till 2027 is expected to be USD XX Million.
Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Analysis By Application
Man
Woman
Man segment is expected to account for XX% of market share by the end of year 2027 from XX% in 2020. The Man segment is expected to grow at USD XX million by the end of year 2027.
The major regions covered in the report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, etc. The following regions has been further bifurcated into countries to provide an insightful analysis for the readers.
Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket market: regional analysis, the major regions covered in the report are:
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India
The study objectives are:
To analyze and research the Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market status and future forecast.
To present the key Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market analysis of companies and present revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications.
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ:
How big is the opportunity for the Motorcycle Airbag Jacket market
What are the recent industry development that can be implemented to generate additional revenue streams
Who are the major players operating in the Motorcycle Airbag Jacket market Which companies are the front runners
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket
1.1 Definition of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket
1.2 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2016-2027)
1.2.2 Cord
1.2.3 Cordless
1.3 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Consumption Comparison by Applications (2016-2027)
1.3.2 Man
1.3.3 Woman
1.4 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue (2016-2027)
1.4.2 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (2016-2027)
1.4.3 North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
1.4.4 Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
1.4.5 China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
1.4.6 Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
1.4.8 India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Status and Prospect (2016-2027)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Analysis
4.3 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue by Regions
5.2 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production
5.3.2 North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Import and Export
5.4 Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production
5.4.2 Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Import and Export
5.5 China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production
5.5.2 China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Import and Export
5.6 Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production
5.6.2 Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Import and Export
5.8 India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production
5.8.2 India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Import and Export
6 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production by Type
6.2 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue by Type
6.3 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Price by Type
7 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
8 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Alpinestars
8.1.1 Alpinestars Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Alpinestars Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Alpinestars Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 Bering
8.2.1 Bering Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 Bering Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 Bering Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Dainese
8.3.1 Dainese Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Dainese Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Dainese Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 HELITE
8.4.1 HELITE Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 HELITE Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 HELITE Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 MOTOAIR
8.5.1 MOTOAIR Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 MOTOAIR Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 MOTOAIR Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 DPI Safety
8.6.1 DPI Safety Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 DPI Safety Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 DPI Safety Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 SPIDI Sport
8.7.1 SPIDI Sport Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 SPIDI Sport Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 SPIDI Sport Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market
9.1 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2021-2027
9.2 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Forecast 2021-2027
9.2.2 Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Forecast 2021-2027
9.2.3 China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Forecast 2021-2027
9.2.4 Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Forecast 2021-2027
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Forecast 2021-2027
9.2.6 India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Forecast 2021-2027
9.3 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket
Table Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2016-2027)
Figure Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share by Types in 2020
Figure Cord Product Picture
Figure Cordless Product Picture
Table Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2016-2027)
Figure Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2020
Figure Man
Figure Woman
Figure Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units) (2016-2027)
Figure North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Table Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket in 2020
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Table Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Table Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Table Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units)
Table Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue by Regions 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Consumption by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units)
Table Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Consumption Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Global Consumption Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Table Alpinestars Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
Table Alpinestars Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Alpinestars Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Alpinestars Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Alpinestars Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure Alpinestars Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table Alpinestars Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Main Business and Markets Served
Table Bering Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
Table Bering Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Bering Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Bering Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Bering Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure Bering Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table Bering Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Main Business and Markets Served
Table Dainese Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
Table Dainese Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Dainese Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Dainese Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Dainese Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure Dainese Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table Dainese Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Main Business and Markets Served
Table HELITE Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
Table HELITE Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table HELITE Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table HELITE Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table HELITE Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure HELITE Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table HELITE Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Main Business and Markets Served
Table MOTOAIR Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
Table MOTOAIR Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table MOTOAIR Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table MOTOAIR Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table MOTOAIR Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure MOTOAIR Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table MOTOAIR Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Main Business and Markets Served
Table DPI Safety Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
Table DPI Safety Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table DPI Safety Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table DPI Safety Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table DPI Safety Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure DPI Safety Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table DPI Safety Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Main Business and Markets Served
Table SPIDI Sport Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Sites and Area Served
Table SPIDI Sport Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table SPIDI Sport Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table SPIDI Sport Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table SPIDI Sport Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Market Share (2016-2020)
Figure SPIDI Sport Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Market Share (2016-2020)
Table SPIDI Sport Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Main Business and Markets Served
Figure Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027
Figure Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027
Figure Global Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2021-2027
Figure North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure North America Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Europe Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Figure China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure China Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Japan Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Figure India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Production Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure India Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2021-2027 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K Units) of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket by Type (2021-2027)
Table Global Consumption (K Units) of Motorcycle Airbag Jacket by Application (2021-2027)
Table Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Distributors List
Table Motorcycle Airbag Jacket Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources