2021-04-12
Published Date
Consumer Discretionary
Industry
121
Pages
The latest study on Mascaras Market by Read Market Research provides a detailed summary and overview of the global market. The base year considered in this report is considered 2020 whereas information for 2021 is estimated and forecast from 2022 till 2027. The CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) period of this report is 2021-2027. The Global Mascaras Market is valued at USD XX Million in the year 2020 and is estimated to grow at USD XX Million by the end of year 2027.The report will shed light on very important growth aspect of Mascaras and is a must have data for all the companies, investors, decision makers, top level executives and readers.
The segmental analysis of the report provides detailed analysis on Revenue, Growth, Forecast By Region, Type and Applications for the period 2016-2027.
The major vendors covered:
Benefit
Dior
Nars
Clinique
Too Faced
Charlotte Tilbury
L'Oral Paris
Lancme
Max Factor
Chanel
Mascaras Market Analysis By Type Segment:
Age 12 to 17
Age 18 to 24
Age 25 to 44
Age 45 to 64
Mascaras Market Analysis By Application Segment:
Hypermarkets
Supermarkets
Department Stores
Specialty Retailers
Pharmacy and Drugstores
The Mascaras Market has been thoroughly researched with the help of Primary and Secondary Research and has been validated by conduction interviews with industry experts across all the regions. As it is global study, we have included all the major regions.
Bottom Up approach has been used to derive and define the market size and shares of regions. Regions such as U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. has been taken into consideration while deriving the market size and shares of regions.
Key Details of Regions and Countries of Mascaras Report:
United States
China
European Union
Rest of World (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
Key data provided:
Market Size of Regions
Market Share of Regions
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
Historic Data From 2016-2020
Forecast Data From 2021-2027
Competitive Landscape of Mascaras Market:
Mascaras market competitive landscape analysis sheds light on the current market structure by players. The report will help the readers to understand some most important questions of the global market.
Key Questions Answered in Competitive Landscape-
Detailed information about Key Top Competitors in the Global Mascaras Market
What is the expected Market size and growth rate of the Mascaras market for the forecast period
Where is the largest and fastest growing market for Mascaras market
How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets
What forces will shape the market going forward
Can I include additional segmentation / market segmentation
Mascaras market global report answers all these questions and many more.
The study objectives are:
To analyze and research the Mascaras Market status and future forecast.
To present the key Mascaras Market analysis of companies and present revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market
Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ:
How big is the opportunity for the Mascaras market
Which are the recent industry development that can be implemented to generate additional revenue streams
Who are the major players operating in the Mascaras market Which companies are the front runners
What are the major end-use industries of Mascaras market
Feel free to contact us for Customisation, Request For Free Sample, Ask for discount
Table of Contents
1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Mascaras Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2021-2027)
1.3.2 Age 12 to 17
1.3.3 Age 18 to 24
1.3.4 Age 25 to 44
1.3.5 Age 45 to 64
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Mascaras Market Share by Application (2021-2027)
1.4.2 Hypermarkets
1.4.3 Supermarkets
1.4.4 Department Stores
1.4.5 Specialty Retailers
1.4.6 Pharmacy and Drugstores
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global Mascaras Market Size
2.1.1 Global Mascaras Revenue 2016-2027
2.1.2 Global Mascaras Sales 2016-2027
2.2 Mascaras Growth Rate by Regions
2.2.1 Global Mascaras Sales by Regions 2016-2020
2.2.2 Global Mascaras Revenue by Regions 2016-2020
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Mascaras Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Mascaras Sales by Manufacturers 2016-2020
3.1.2 Mascaras Sales Market Share by Manufacturers 2016-2020
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Mascaras Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
3.2.2 Mascaras Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
3.2.3 Global Mascaras Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Mascaras Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Mascaras Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Mascaras Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Mascaras Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Sales and Revenue for Each Type
4.1.1 Age 12 to 17 Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
4.1.2 Age 18 to 24 Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
4.1.3 Age 25 to 44 Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
4.1.4 Age 45 to 64 Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
4.2 Global Mascaras Sales Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Mascaras Revenue Market Share by Type
4.4 Mascaras Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Mascaras Sales by Application
6 United States
6.1 United States Mascaras Breakdown Data by Company
6.2 United States Mascaras Breakdown Data by Type
6.3 United States Mascaras Breakdown Data by Application
7 European Union
7.1 European Union Mascaras Breakdown Data by Company
7.2 European Union Mascaras Breakdown Data by Type
7.3 European Union Mascaras Breakdown Data by Application
8 China
8.1 China Mascaras Breakdown Data by Company
8.2 China Mascaras Breakdown Data by Type
8.3 China Mascaras Breakdown Data by Application
9 Rest of World
9.1 Rest of World Mascaras Breakdown Data by Company
9.2 Rest of World Mascaras Breakdown Data by Type
9.3 Rest of World Mascaras Breakdown Data by Application
9.4 Rest of World Mascaras Breakdown Data by Countries
9.4.1 Rest of World Mascaras Sales by Countries
9.4.2 Rest of World Mascaras Revenue by Countries
9.4.3 Japan
9.4.4 Korea
9.4.5 India
9.4.6 Southeast Asia
10 Company Profiles
10.1 Chanel
10.1.1 Chanel Company Details
10.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.1.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Mascaras
10.1.4 Mascaras Product Introduction
10.1.5 Chanel Recent Development
10.2 L'Oral Paris
10.2.1 L'Oral Paris Company Details
10.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.2.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Mascaras
10.2.4 Mascaras Product Introduction
10.2.5 L'Oral Paris Recent Development
10.3 Clinique
10.3.1 Clinique Company Details
10.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.3.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Mascaras
10.3.4 Mascaras Product Introduction
10.3.5 Clinique Recent Development
10.4 Benefit
10.4.1 Benefit Company Details
10.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.4.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Mascaras
10.4.4 Mascaras Product Introduction
10.4.5 Benefit Recent Development
10.5 Lancme
10.5.1 Lancme Company Details
10.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.5.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Mascaras
10.5.4 Mascaras Product Introduction
10.5.5 Lancme Recent Development
10.6 Too Faced
10.6.1 Too Faced Company Details
10.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.6.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Mascaras
10.6.4 Mascaras Product Introduction
10.6.5 Too Faced Recent Development
10.7 Dior
10.7.1 Dior Company Details
10.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.7.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Mascaras
10.7.4 Mascaras Product Introduction
10.7.5 Dior Recent Development
10.8 Max Factor
10.8.1 Max Factor Company Details
10.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.8.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Mascaras
10.8.4 Mascaras Product Introduction
10.8.5 Max Factor Recent Development
10.9 Charlotte Tilbury
10.9.1 Charlotte Tilbury Company Details
10.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.9.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Mascaras
10.9.4 Mascaras Product Introduction
10.9.5 Charlotte Tilbury Recent Development
10.10 Nars
10.10.1 Nars Company Details
10.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.10.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Mascaras
10.10.4 Mascaras Product Introduction
10.10.5 Nars Recent Development
11 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
11.1 Value Chain Analysis
11.2 Sales Channels Analysis
11.2.1 Mascaras Sales Channels
11.2.2 Mascaras Distributors
11.3 Mascaras Customers
12 Market Forecast
12.1 Global Mascaras Sales and Revenue Forecast 2021-2027
12.2 Global Mascaras Sales Forecast by Type
12.3 Global Mascaras Sales Forecast by Application
12.4 Mascaras Forecast by Regions
12.4.1 Global Mascaras Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
12.4.2 Global Mascaras Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
12.5 United States Market Forecast
12.6 European Union Market Forecast
12.7 China Market Forecast
12.8 Rest of World
12.8.1 Japan
12.8.2 Korea
12.8.3 India
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Research Methodology
14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
14.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
14.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
14.1.2 Data Source
14.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
14.1.2.2 Primary Sources
14.2 Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Mascaras Product Picture
Table Mascaras Key Market Segments
Table Major Manufacturers Mascaras Covered in This Report
Table Global Mascaras Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2021-2027 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Market Shar by Type 2016-2027
Figure Age 12 to 17 Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Age 12 to 17
Figure Age 18 to 24 Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Age 18 to 24
Figure Age 25 to 44 Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Age 25 to 44
Figure Age 45 to 64 Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Age 45 to 64
Table Global Mascaras Market Share by Application 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Hypermarkets Use Case
Figure Supermarkets Use Case
Figure Department Stores Use Case
Figure Specialty Retailers Use Case
Figure Pharmacy and Drugstores Use Case
Figure Mascaras Report Years Considered
Figure Global Mascaras Market Size 2016-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales 2016-2020 (K Units)
Table Global Mascaras Market Size by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Mascaras Sales by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units)
Table Global Mascaras Sales Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Mascaras Revenue by Regions 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table Global Mascaras Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Mascaras Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Mascaras Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Mascaras Sales by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Global Mascaras Sales Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Mascaras Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (Million USD)
Table Mascaras Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Mascaras Value Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Global Mascaras Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Key Manufacturers Mascaras Price (2016-2020) (USD/Unit)
Table Key Manufacturers Mascaras Plants/Factories Distribution
Table Key Manufacturers Mascaras Area Served
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Mascaras Market
Table Key Manufacturers Mascaras Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Age 12 to 17 Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Age 18 to 24 Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Age 25 to 44 Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Age 45 to 64 Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Mascaras Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Global Mascaras Sales Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Global Mascaras Revenue by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$)
Table Global Mascaras Revenue Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Mascaras Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Mascaras Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Mascaras Price by Type 2016-2020 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Mascaras Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Global Mascaras Sales Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Global Sales Mascaras Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Global Sales Mascaras Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure United States Mascaras Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure United States Mascaras Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table United States Mascaras Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table United States Mascaras Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure United States Mascaras Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table United States Mascaras Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table United States Mascaras Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure United States Mascaras Market Share by Type in 2020
Table United States Mascaras Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table United States Mascaras Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure United States Mascaras Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure European Union Mascaras Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure European Union Mascaras Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table European Union Mascaras Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table European Union Mascaras Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure European Union Mascaras Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table European Union Mascaras Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table European Union Mascaras Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure 2020 European Union Mascaras Market Share by Type
Table European Union Mascaras Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table European Union Mascaras Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure 2020 European Union Mascaras Market Share by Application
Figure China Mascaras Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure China Mascaras Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table China Mascaras Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table China Mascaras Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure China Mascaras Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table China Mascaras Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table China Mascaras Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure China Mascaras Market Share by Type in 2020
Table China Mascaras Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table China Mascaras Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure China Mascaras Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure Rest of World Mascaras Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure Rest of World Mascaras Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Mascaras Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Mascaras Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Mascaras Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table Rest of World Mascaras Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Mascaras Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Mascaras Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Rest of World Mascaras Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Mascaras Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Mascaras Market Share by Application in 2020
Table Rest of World Mascaras Sales by Countries (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Mascaras Sales Market Share by Countries (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Mascaras Sales Market Share by Countries in 2020
Table Rest of World Mascaras Revenue by Countries (2016-2020) (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Mascaras Revenue Market Share by Countries (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Mascaras Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2020
Figure Japan Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure Japan Mascaras Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure Korea Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure Korea Mascaras Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure India Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure India Mascaras Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Mascaras Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Chanel Company Details
Table Chanel Description and Business Overview
Table Chanel Mascaras Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Chanel Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Chanel Mascaras Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Chanel Recent Development
Table L'Oral Paris Company Details
Table L'Oral Paris Description and Business Overview
Table L'Oral Paris Mascaras Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table L'Oral Paris Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table L'Oral Paris Mascaras Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table L'Oral Paris Recent Development
Table Clinique Company Details
Table Clinique Description and Business Overview
Table Clinique Mascaras Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Clinique Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Clinique Mascaras Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Clinique Recent Development
Table Benefit Company Details
Table Benefit Description and Business Overview
Table Benefit Mascaras Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Benefit Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Benefit Mascaras Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Benefit Recent Development
Table Lancme Company Details
Table Lancme Description and Business Overview
Table Lancme Mascaras Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Lancme Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Lancme Mascaras Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Lancme Recent Development
Table Too Faced Company Details
Table Too Faced Description and Business Overview
Table Too Faced Mascaras Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Too Faced Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Too Faced Mascaras Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Too Faced Recent Development
Table Dior Company Details
Table Dior Description and Business Overview
Table Dior Mascaras Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Dior Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Dior Mascaras Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Dior Recent Development
Table Max Factor Company Details
Table Max Factor Description and Business Overview
Table Max Factor Mascaras Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Max Factor Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Max Factor Mascaras Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Max Factor Recent Development
Table Charlotte Tilbury Company Details
Table Charlotte Tilbury Description and Business Overview
Table Charlotte Tilbury Mascaras Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Charlotte Tilbury Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Charlotte Tilbury Mascaras Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Charlotte Tilbury Recent Development
Table Nars Company Details
Table Nars Description and Business Overview
Table Nars Mascaras Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Nars Mascaras Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Nars Mascaras Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Nars Recent Development
Figure Mascaras Value Chain
Table Mascaras Distributors List
Table Mascaras Customers List
Table Global Mascaras Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Mascaras Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Table Global Mascaras Sales Forecast by Type 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Forecast by Type 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Market Share Forecast by Type 2021-2027
Table Global Mascaras Sales Forecast by Application 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Forecast by Application 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Market Share Forecast by Application 2021-2027
Table Global Mascaras Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Mascaras Sales Market Share Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
Table Global Mascaras Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Mascaras Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Mascaras Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
Figure United States Mascaras Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure United States Mascaras Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure European Union Mascaras Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure European Union Mascaras Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure China Mascaras Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure China Mascaras Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Japan Mascaras Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Japan Mascaras Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Korea Mascaras Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Korea Mascaras Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure India Mascaras Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure India Mascaras Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Southeast Asia Mascaras Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Mascaras Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources