2021-03-29
Published Date
Consumer Discretionary
Industry
118
Pages
The latest study on Computer Desk Market by Read Market Research provides a detailed summary and overview of the global market. The base year considered in this report is considered 2020 whereas information for 2021 is estimated and forecast from 2022 till 2027. The CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) period of this report is 2021-2027. The Global Computer Desk Market is valued at USD XX Million in the year 2020 and is estimated to grow at USD XX Million by the end of year 2027.The report will shed light on very important growth aspect of Computer Desk and is a must have data for all the companies, investors, decision makers, top level executives and readers.
The segmental analysis of the report provides detailed analysis on Revenue, Growth, Forecast By Region, Type and Applications for the period 2016-2027.
The major vendors covered:
HNI Group
TopStar
Sunon Group
Haworth
Aurora
Nowy Styl
Herman Miller
Kimball Office
True Innovations
Steelcase
Okamura Corporation
Bristol
Computer Desk Market Analysis By Type Segment:
Plastic
Wood
Other
Computer Desk Market Analysis By Application Segment:
Home
School
Enterprise
Internet Bar
Other
The Computer Desk Market has been thoroughly researched with the help of Primary and Secondary Research and has been validated by conduction interviews with industry experts across all the regions. As it is global study, we have included all the major regions.
Bottom Up approach has been used to derive and define the market size and shares of regions. Regions such as U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. has been taken into consideration while deriving the market size and shares of regions.
Key Details of Regions and Countries of Computer Desk Report:
United States
China
European Union
Rest of World (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
Key data provided:
Market Size of Regions
Market Share of Regions
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
Historic Data From 2016-2020
Forecast Data From 2021-2027
Competitive Landscape of Computer Desk Market:
Computer Desk market competitive landscape analysis sheds light on the current market structure by players. The report will help the readers to understand some most important questions of the global market.
Key Questions Answered in Competitive Landscape-
Detailed information about Key Top Competitors in the Global Computer Desk Market
What is the expected Market size and growth rate of the Computer Desk market for the forecast period
Where is the largest and fastest growing market for Computer Desk market
How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets
What forces will shape the market going forward
Can I include additional segmentation / market segmentation
Computer Desk market global report answers all these questions and many more.
The study objectives are:
To analyze and research the Computer Desk Market status and future forecast.
To present the key Computer Desk Market analysis of companies and present revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market
Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ:
How big is the opportunity for the Computer Desk market
Which are the recent industry development that can be implemented to generate additional revenue streams
Who are the major players operating in the Computer Desk market Which companies are the front runners
What are the major end-use industries of Computer Desk market
Table of Contents
1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Computer Desk Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 Plastic
1.3.3 Wood
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Computer Desk Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Home
1.4.3 School
1.4.4 Enterprise
1.4.5 Internet Bar
1.4.6 Other
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global Computer Desk Market Size
2.1.1 Global Computer Desk Revenue 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Computer Desk Sales 2014-2025
2.2 Computer Desk Growth Rate by Regions
2.2.1 Global Computer Desk Sales by Regions 2014-2019
2.2.2 Global Computer Desk Revenue by Regions 2014-2019
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Computer Desk Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Computer Desk Sales by Manufacturers 2014-2019
3.1.2 Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Manufacturers 2014-2019
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Computer Desk Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Computer Desk Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Computer Desk Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Computer Desk Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Computer Desk Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Computer Desk Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Computer Desk Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Sales and Revenue for Each Type
4.1.1 Plastic Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Wood Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.3 Other Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Computer Desk Revenue Market Share by Type
4.4 Computer Desk Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Computer Desk Sales by Application
6 United States
6.1 United States Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Company
6.2 United States Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Type
6.3 United States Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Application
7 European Union
7.1 European Union Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Company
7.2 European Union Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Type
7.3 European Union Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Application
8 China
8.1 China Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Company
8.2 China Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Type
8.3 China Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Application
9 Rest of World
9.1 Rest of World Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Company
9.2 Rest of World Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Type
9.3 Rest of World Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Application
9.4 Rest of World Computer Desk Breakdown Data by Countries
9.4.1 Rest of World Computer Desk Sales by Countries
9.4.2 Rest of World Computer Desk Revenue by Countries
9.4.3 Japan
9.4.4 Korea
9.4.5 India
9.4.6 Southeast Asia
10 Company Profiles
10.1 Steelcase
10.1.1 Steelcase Company Details
10.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.1.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Computer Desk
10.1.4 Computer Desk Product Introduction
10.1.5 Steelcase Recent Development
10.2 Herman Miller
10.2.1 Herman Miller Company Details
10.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.2.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Computer Desk
10.2.4 Computer Desk Product Introduction
10.2.5 Herman Miller Recent Development
10.3 Haworth
10.3.1 Haworth Company Details
10.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.3.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Computer Desk
10.3.4 Computer Desk Product Introduction
10.3.5 Haworth Recent Development
10.4 HNI Group
10.4.1 HNI Group Company Details
10.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.4.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Computer Desk
10.4.4 Computer Desk Product Introduction
10.4.5 HNI Group Recent Development
10.5 Okamura Corporation
10.5.1 Okamura Corporation Company Details
10.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.5.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Computer Desk
10.5.4 Computer Desk Product Introduction
10.5.5 Okamura Corporation Recent Development
10.6 Kimball Office
10.6.1 Kimball Office Company Details
10.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.6.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Computer Desk
10.6.4 Computer Desk Product Introduction
10.6.5 Kimball Office Recent Development
10.7 Aurora
10.7.1 Aurora Company Details
10.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.7.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Computer Desk
10.7.4 Computer Desk Product Introduction
10.7.5 Aurora Recent Development
10.8 TopStar
10.8.1 TopStar Company Details
10.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.8.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Computer Desk
10.8.4 Computer Desk Product Introduction
10.8.5 TopStar Recent Development
10.9 Bristol
10.9.1 Bristol Company Details
10.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.9.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Computer Desk
10.9.4 Computer Desk Product Introduction
10.9.5 Bristol Recent Development
10.10 True Innovations
10.10.1 True Innovations Company Details
10.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.10.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Computer Desk
10.10.4 Computer Desk Product Introduction
10.10.5 True Innovations Recent Development
10.11 Nowy Styl
10.12 Sunon Group
11 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
11.1 Value Chain Analysis
11.2 Sales Channels Analysis
11.2.1 Computer Desk Sales Channels
11.2.2 Computer Desk Distributors
11.3 Computer Desk Customers
12 Market Forecast
12.1 Global Computer Desk Sales and Revenue Forecast 2019-2025
12.2 Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast by Type
12.3 Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast by Application
12.4 Computer Desk Forecast by Regions
12.4.1 Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.4.2 Global Computer Desk Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.5 United States Market Forecast
12.6 European Union Market Forecast
12.7 China Market Forecast
12.8 Rest of World
12.8.1 Japan
12.8.2 Korea
12.8.3 India
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Research Methodology
14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
14.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
14.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
14.1.2 Data Source
14.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
14.1.2.2 Primary Sources
14.2 Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Computer Desk Product Picture
Table Computer Desk Key Market Segments
Table Major Manufacturers Computer Desk Covered in This Report
Table Global Computer Desk Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2020-2027 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Market Shar by Type 2016-2027
Figure Plastic Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Plastic
Figure Wood Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Wood
Figure Other Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Other
Table Global Computer Desk Market Share by Application 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Home Use Case
Figure School Use Case
Figure Enterprise Use Case
Figure Internet Bar Use Case
Figure Other Use Case
Figure Computer Desk Report Years Considered
Figure Global Computer Desk Market Size 2016-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales 2016-2020 (K Units)
Table Global Computer Desk Market Size by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Computer Desk Sales by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units)
Table Global Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Computer Desk Revenue by Regions 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table Global Computer Desk Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Computer Desk Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Computer Desk Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Computer Desk Sales by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Global Computer Desk Sales Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Computer Desk Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (Million USD)
Table Computer Desk Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Computer Desk Value Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Global Computer Desk Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Key Manufacturers Computer Desk Price (2016-2020) (USD/Unit)
Table Key Manufacturers Computer Desk Plants/Factories Distribution
Table Key Manufacturers Computer Desk Area Served
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Computer Desk Market
Table Key Manufacturers Computer Desk Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Plastic Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Wood Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Other Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Computer Desk Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Global Computer Desk Sales Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Global Computer Desk Revenue by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$)
Table Global Computer Desk Revenue Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Computer Desk Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Computer Desk Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Computer Desk Price by Type 2016-2020 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Computer Desk Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Global Computer Desk Sales Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Global Sales Computer Desk Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Global Sales Computer Desk Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure United States Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure United States Computer Desk Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table United States Computer Desk Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table United States Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure United States Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table United States Computer Desk Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table United States Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure United States Computer Desk Market Share by Type in 2020
Table United States Computer Desk Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table United States Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure United States Computer Desk Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure European Union Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure European Union Computer Desk Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table European Union Computer Desk Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table European Union Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure European Union Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table European Union Computer Desk Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table European Union Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure 2020 European Union Computer Desk Market Share by Type
Table European Union Computer Desk Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table European Union Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure 2020 European Union Computer Desk Market Share by Application
Figure China Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure China Computer Desk Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table China Computer Desk Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table China Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure China Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table China Computer Desk Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table China Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure China Computer Desk Market Share by Type in 2020
Table China Computer Desk Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table China Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure China Computer Desk Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure Rest of World Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units)
Figure Rest of World Computer Desk Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Computer Desk Sales by Company (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table Rest of World Computer Desk Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Computer Desk Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Rest of World Computer Desk Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Computer Desk Market Share by Application in 2020
Table Rest of World Computer Desk Sales by Countries (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Countries (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Computer Desk Sales Market Share by Countries in 2020
Table Rest of World Computer Desk Revenue by Countries (2016-2020) (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Computer Desk Revenue Market Share by Countries (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Computer Desk Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2020
Figure Japan Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure Japan Computer Desk Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure Korea Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure Korea Computer Desk Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure India Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure India Computer Desk Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Computer Desk Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units)
Table Steelcase Company Details
Table Steelcase Description and Business Overview
Table Steelcase Computer Desk Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Steelcase Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Steelcase Computer Desk Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Steelcase Recent Development
Table Herman Miller Company Details
Table Herman Miller Description and Business Overview
Table Herman Miller Computer Desk Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Herman Miller Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Herman Miller Computer Desk Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Herman Miller Recent Development
Table Haworth Company Details
Table Haworth Description and Business Overview
Table Haworth Computer Desk Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Haworth Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Haworth Computer Desk Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Haworth Recent Development
Table HNI Group Company Details
Table HNI Group Description and Business Overview
Table HNI Group Computer Desk Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table HNI Group Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table HNI Group Computer Desk Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table HNI Group Recent Development
Table Okamura Corporation Company Details
Table Okamura Corporation Description and Business Overview
Table Okamura Corporation Computer Desk Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Okamura Corporation Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Okamura Corporation Computer Desk Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Okamura Corporation Recent Development
Table Kimball Office Company Details
Table Kimball Office Description and Business Overview
Table Kimball Office Computer Desk Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Kimball Office Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Kimball Office Computer Desk Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Kimball Office Recent Development
Table Aurora Company Details
Table Aurora Description and Business Overview
Table Aurora Computer Desk Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Aurora Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Aurora Computer Desk Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Aurora Recent Development
Table TopStar Company Details
Table TopStar Description and Business Overview
Table TopStar Computer Desk Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table TopStar Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table TopStar Computer Desk Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table TopStar Recent Development
Table Bristol Company Details
Table Bristol Description and Business Overview
Table Bristol Computer Desk Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Bristol Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Bristol Computer Desk Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Bristol Recent Development
Table True Innovations Company Details
Table True Innovations Description and Business Overview
Table True Innovations Computer Desk Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table True Innovations Computer Desk Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table True Innovations Computer Desk Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table True Innovations Recent Development
Table Nowy Styl Company Details
Table Sunon Group Company Details
Figure Computer Desk Value Chain
Table Computer Desk Distributors List
Table Computer Desk Customers List
Table Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast 2020-2027 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Computer Desk Revenue Forecast 2020-2027 (Million US$)
Table Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast by Type 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast by Type 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Market Share Forecast by Type 2020-2027
Table Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast by Application 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast by Application 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Market Share Forecast by Application 2020-2027
Table Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast by Regions 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Forecast by Regions 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Computer Desk Sales Market Share Forecast by Regions 2020-2027
Table Global Computer Desk Revenue Forecast by Regions 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Computer Desk Revenue Forecast by Regions 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Global Computer Desk Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2020-2027
Figure United States Computer Desk Sales Forecast 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure United States Computer Desk Revenue Forecast 2020-2027 (Million US$)
Figure European Union Computer Desk Sales Forecast 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure European Union Computer Desk Revenue Forecast 2020-2027 (Million US$)
Figure China Computer Desk Sales Forecast 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure China Computer Desk Revenue Forecast 2020-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Japan Computer Desk Sales Forecast 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Japan Computer Desk Revenue Forecast 2020-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Korea Computer Desk Sales Forecast 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Korea Computer Desk Revenue Forecast 2020-2027 (Million US$)
Figure India Computer Desk Sales Forecast 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure India Computer Desk Revenue Forecast 2020-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Southeast Asia Computer Desk Sales Forecast 2020-2027 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Computer Desk Revenue Forecast 2020-2027 (Million US$)
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources