2021-03-21
Published Date
Semiconductor
Industry
123
Pages
The latest study on RF Choke Market by Read Market Research provides a detailed summary and overview of the global market. The base year considered in this report is considered 2020 whereas information for 2021 is estimated and forecast from 2022 till 2027. The CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) period of this report is 2021-2027. The Global RF Choke Market is valued at USD XX Million in the year 2020 and is estimated to grow at USD XX Million by the end of year 2027.The report will shed light on very important growth aspect of RF Choke and is a must have data for all the companies, investors, decision makers, top level executives and readers. The segmental analysis of the report provides detailed analysis on Revenue, Growth, Forecast By Region, Type and Applications for the period 2016-2027. The major vendors covered: Abracon LLC Coilcraft Delta Electronics Manufacturing Corp. Gowanda Mini Circuits Murata TDK West Coast Magnetics RF Choke Market Analysis By Type Segment: DC to 3 GHz DC to 6 GHz 5 to 10 GHz RF Choke Market Analysis By Application Segment: Commercial Military Space Others RF Choke Market Analysis By Regions (Countries): The RF Choke Market has been thoroughly researched with the help of Primary and Secondary Research and has been validated by conduction interviews with industry experts across all the regions. As it is global study, we have included all the major regions. Bottom Up approach has been used to derive and define the market size and shares of regions. Regions such as U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. has been taken into consideration while deriving the market size and shares of regions. Key Details of Regions and Countries of RF Choke Report: United States China European Union Rest of World (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) Key data provided: Market Size of Regions Market Share of Regions Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Historic Data From 2016-2020 Forecast Data From 2021-2027 Competitive Landscape of RF Choke Market: RF Choke market competitive landscape analysis sheds light on the current market structure by players. The report will help the readers to understand some most important questions of the global market. Key Questions Answered in Competitive Landscape- Detailed information about Key Top Competitors in the Global RF Choke Market What is the expected Market size and growth rate of the RF Choke market for the forecast period Where is the largest and fastest growing market for RF Choke market How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets What forces will shape the market going forward Can I include additional segmentation / market segmentation RF Choke market global report answers all these questions and many more. The study objectives are: To analyze and research the RF Choke Market status and future forecast. To present the key RF Choke Market analysis of companies and present revenue, market share, and recent development for key players. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ: How big is the opportunity for the RF Choke market Which are the recent industry development that can be implemented to generate additional revenue streams Who are the major players operating in the RF Choke market Which companies are the front runners What are the major end-use industries of RF Choke market
Table of Contents 1 Report Overview 1.1 Research Scope 1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report 1.3 Market Segment by Type 1.3.1 Global RF Choke Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2021-2027) 1.3.2 DC to 3 GHz 1.3.3 DC to 6 GHz 1.3.4 5 to 10 GHz 1.4 Market Segment by Application 1.4.1 Global RF Choke Market Share by Application (2021-2027) 1.4.2 Commercial 1.4.3 Military 1.4.4 Space 1.4.5 Others 1.5 Study Objectives 1.6 Years Considered 2 Global Growth Trends 2.1 Production and Capacity Analysis 2.1.1 Global RF Choke Production Value 2016-2027 2.1.2 Global RF Choke Production 2016-2027 2.1.3 Global RF Choke Capacity 2016-2027 2.1.4 Global RF Choke Marketing Pricing and Trends 2.2 Key Producers Growth Rate (CAGR) 2021-2027 2.2.1 Global RF Choke Market Size CAGR of Key Regions 2.2.2 Global RF Choke Market Share of Key Regions 2.3 Industry Trends 2.3.1 Market Top Trends 2.3.2 Market Drivers 3 Market Share by Manufacturers 3.1 Capacity and Production by Manufacturers 3.1.1 Global RF Choke Capacity by Manufacturers 3.1.2 Global RF Choke Production by Manufacturers 3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers 3.2.1 RF Choke Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2020) 3.2.2 RF Choke Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020) 3.2.3 Global RF Choke Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) 3.3 RF Choke Price by Manufacturers 3.4 Key Manufacturers RF Choke Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served 3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into RF Choke Market 3.6 Key Manufacturers RF Choke Product Offered 3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Market Size by Type 4.1 Production and Production Value for Each Type 4.1.1 DC to 3 GHz Production and Production Value (2016-2020) 4.1.2 DC to 6 GHz Production and Production Value (2016-2020) 4.1.3 5 to 10 GHz Production and Production Value (2016-2020) 4.2 Global RF Choke Production Market Share by Type 4.3 Global RF Choke Production Value Market Share by Type 4.4 RF Choke Ex-factory Price by Type 5 Market Size by Application 5.1 Overview 5.2 Global RF Choke Consumption by Application 6 Production by Regions 6.1 Global RF Choke Production (History Data) by Regions 2016-2020 6.2 Global RF Choke Production Value (History Data) by Regions 6.3 United States 6.3.1 United States RF Choke Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 6.3.2 United States RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2020 6.3.3 Key Players in United States 6.3.4 United States RF Choke Import & Export 6.4 European Union 6.4.1 European Union RF Choke Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 6.4.2 European Union RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2020 6.4.3 Key Players in European Union 6.4.4 European Union RF Choke Import & Export 6.5 China 6.5.1 China RF Choke Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 6.5.2 China RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2020 6.5.3 Key Players in China 6.5.4 China RF Choke Import & Export 6.6 Rest of World 6.6.1 Japan 6.6.2 Korea 6.6.3 India 6.6.4 Southeast Asia 7 RF Choke Consumption by Regions 7.1 Global RF Choke Consumption (History Data) by Regions 7.2 United States 7.2.1 United States RF Choke Consumption by Type 7.2.2 United States RF Choke Consumption by Application 7.3 European Union 7.3.1 European Union RF Choke Consumption by Type 7.3.2 European Union RF Choke Consumption by Application 7.4 China 7.4.1 China RF Choke Consumption by Type 7.4.2 China RF Choke Consumption by Application 7.5 Rest of World 7.5.1 Rest of World RF Choke Consumption by Type 7.5.2 Rest of World RF Choke Consumption by Application 7.5.1 Japan 7.5.2 Korea 7.5.3 India 7.5.4 Southeast Asia 8 Company Profiles 8.1 Abracon LLC 8.1.1 Abracon LLC Company Details 8.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview 8.1.3 Production and Revenue of RF Choke 8.1.4 RF Choke Product Introduction 8.1.5 Abracon LLC Recent Development 8.2 Coilcraft 8.2.1 Coilcraft Company Details 8.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview 8.2.3 Production and Revenue of RF Choke 8.2.4 RF Choke Product Introduction 8.2.5 Coilcraft Recent Development 8.3 Delta Electronics Manufacturing Corp. 8.3.1 Delta Electronics Manufacturing Corp. Company Details 8.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview 8.3.3 Production and Revenue of RF Choke 8.3.4 RF Choke Product Introduction 8.3.5 Delta Electronics Manufacturing Corp. Recent Development 8.4 Gowanda 8.4.1 Gowanda Company Details 8.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview 8.4.3 Production and Revenue of RF Choke 8.4.4 RF Choke Product Introduction 8.4.5 Gowanda Recent Development 8.5 Mini Circuits 8.5.1 Mini Circuits Company Details 8.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview 8.5.3 Production and Revenue of RF Choke 8.5.4 RF Choke Product Introduction 8.5.5 Mini Circuits Recent Development 8.6 Murata 8.6.1 Murata Company Details 8.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview 8.6.3 Production and Revenue of RF Choke 8.6.4 RF Choke Product Introduction 8.6.5 Murata Recent Development 8.7 TDK 8.7.1 TDK Company Details 8.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview 8.7.3 Production and Revenue of RF Choke 8.7.4 RF Choke Product Introduction 8.7.5 TDK Recent Development 8.8 West Coast Magnetics 8.8.1 West Coast Magnetics Company Details 8.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview 8.8.3 Production and Revenue of RF Choke 8.8.4 RF Choke Product Introduction 8.8.5 West Coast Magnetics Recent Development 9 Market Forecast 9.1 Global Market Size Forecast 9.1.1 Global RF Choke Capacity, Production Forecast 2021-2027 9.1.2 Global RF Choke Production Value Forecast 2021-2027 9.2 Market Forecast by Regions 9.2.1 Global RF Choke Production and Value Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 9.2.2 Global RF Choke Consumption Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 9.3 United States 9.3.1 Production and Value Forecast in United States 9.3.2 Consumption Forecast in United States 9.4 European Union 9.4.1 Production and Value Forecast in European Union 9.4.2 Consumption Forecast in European Union 9.5 China 9.5.1 Production and Value Forecast in China 9.5.2 Consumption Forecast in China 9.6 Rest of World 9.6.1 Japan 9.6.2 Korea 9.6.3 India 9.6.4 Southeast Asia 9.7 Forecast by Type 9.7.1 Global RF Choke Production Forecast by Type 9.7.2 Global RF Choke Production Value Forecast by Type 9.8 Consumption Forecast by Application 10 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis 10.1 Value Chain Analysis 10.2 Sales Channels Analysis 10.2.1 RF Choke Sales Channels 10.2.2 RF Choke Distributors 10.3 RF Choke Customers 11 Opportunities & Challenges, Threat and Affecting Factors 11.1 Market Opportunities 11.2 Market Challenges 11.3 Porter's Five Forces Analysis 12 Key Findings 13 Appendix 13.1 Research Methodology 13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 13.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design 13.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation 13.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 13.1.2 Data Source 13.1.2.1 Secondary Sources 13.1.2.2 Primary Sources 13.2 Author Details 13.3 DisclaimerList of Tables and Figures
List of Tables and Figures Figure RF Choke Product Picture Table RF Choke Key Market Segments Table Major Manufacturers RF Choke Covered in This Report Table Global RF Choke Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2021-2027 (K Units) & (Million US$) Figure Global RF Choke Sales Market Shar by Type 2016-2027 Figure DC to 3 GHz Figures Table Major Manufacturers of DC to 3 GHz Figure DC to 6 GHz Figures Table Major Manufacturers of DC to 6 GHz Figure 5 to 10 GHz Figures Table Major Manufacturers of 5 to 10 GHz Table Global RF Choke Market Share by Application 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Commercial Use Case Figure Military Use Case Figure Space Use Case Figure Others Use Case Figure RF Choke Report Years Considered Figure Global RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2027 (Million US$) Figure Global RF Choke Production 2016-2027 (K Units) Figure Global RF Choke Capacity 2016-2027 (K Units) Table Key Manufacturers RF Choke Capacity (K Units) Figure Global RF Choke Price 2016-2027 (USD/Unit) Table Global RF Choke Market Size of Key Regions (Million USD) & (K Units) Table Global RF Choke Growth Rate of Key Regions 2021-2027 (Million USD) Table Global RF Choke Market Share for of Regions 2021-2027 (K Units) Table Market Top Trends Table Global RF Choke Capacity by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (K Units) Table Global RF Choke Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020) Table Global RF Choke Production by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (K Units) Table Global RF Choke Production Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020) Figure Global RF Choke Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020 Table RF Choke Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (Million USD) Table RF Choke Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020) Figure RF Choke Value Share by Manufacturers in 2020 Table Global RF Choke Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table RF Choke Price by Manufacturers 2016-2020 (USD/Unit) Table Key Manufacturers RF Choke Plants/Factories Distribution Table Key Manufacturers RF Choke Area Served Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into RF Choke Market Table Key Manufacturers RF Choke Product Type Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table Global DC to 3 GHz Production and Production Value (2016-2020) (K Units) & (Million US$) Table Global DC to 6 GHz Production and Production Value (2016-2020) (K Units) & (Million US$) Table Global 5 to 10 GHz Production and Production Value (2016-2020) (K Units) & (Million US$) Table Global RF Choke Production by Type (2016-2020) (K Units) Table Global RF Choke Production Share by Type (2016-2020) Figure Global RF Choke Production Market Share by Type (2016-2020) Figure Global RF Choke Production Market Share by Type in 2020 Table Global RF Choke Production Value by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$) Table Global RF Choke Production Value Share by Type (2016-2020) Figure Global RF Choke Production Value Market Share by Type (2016-2020) Figure Global RF Choke Production Value Market Share by Type in 2020 Table RF Choke Ex-factory Price by Type 2016-2020 (USD/Unit) Table Global RF Choke Consumption by Application (2016-2020) (K Units) Table Global RF Choke Consumption Share by Application (2016-2020) Figure Global Consumption RF Choke Market Share by Application (2016-2020) Table Global RF Choke Production by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units) Table Global RF Choke Production Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure Global RF Choke Production Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure Global RF Choke Production Market Share by Regions in 2020 Table Global RF Choke Production Value by Regions 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table Global RF Choke Production Value Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure Global RF Choke Production Value Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure Global RF Choke Production Value Market Share by Regions in 2020 Table United States RF Choke Production and Value 2016-2020 (K Units) & (Million USD) Figure United States RF Choke Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure United States RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table United States RF Choke Import & Export (K Units) Table European Union RF Choke Production and Value 2016-2020 (K Units) & (Million USD) Figure European Union RF Choke Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure European Union RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table European Union RF Choke Import & Export (K Units) Table China RF Choke Production and Value 2016-2020 (K Units) & (Million USD) Figure China RF Choke Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure China RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table China RF Choke Import & Export (K Units) Figure Japan RF Choke Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure Japan RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Figure Korea RF Choke Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure Korea RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Figure India RF Choke Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure India RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Figure Southeast Asia RF Choke Production Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K Units) Figure Southeast Asia RF Choke Production Value Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million USD) Table Global RF Choke Consumption by Regions 2016-2020 (K Units) Table Global RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure Global RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Regions 2016-2020 Figure Global RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2020 Figure United States RF Choke Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units) Table United States RF Choke Consumption by Type (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure United States RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Type in 2020 Table United States RF Choke Consumption by Application (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure United States RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020 Figure European Union RF Choke Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units) Table European Union RF Choke Consumption by Type (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure European Union RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Type in 2020 Table European Union RF Choke Consumption by Application (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure European Union RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020 Figure China RF Choke Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units) Table China RF Choke Consumption by Type (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure China RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Type in 2020 Table China RF Choke Consumption by Application (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure China RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020 Figure Rest of World RF Choke Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units) Table Rest of World RF Choke Consumption by Type (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure Rest of World RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Type in 2020 Table Rest of World RF Choke Consumption by Application (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure Rest of World RF Choke Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020 Figure Japan RF Choke Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure Korea RF Choke Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure India RF Choke Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units) Figure Southeast Asia RF Choke Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K Units) Table Abracon LLC Company Details Table Abracon LLC Description and Business Overview Table Abracon LLC RF Choke Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Abracon LLC RF Choke Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Abracon LLC RF Choke Production Market Share in Global Market Table Abracon LLC Recent Development Table Coilcraft Company Details Table Coilcraft Description and Business Overview Table Coilcraft RF Choke Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Coilcraft RF Choke Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Coilcraft RF Choke Production Market Share in Global Market Table Coilcraft Recent Development Table Delta Electronics Manufacturing Corp. Company Details Table Delta Electronics Manufacturing Corp. Description and Business Overview Table Delta Electronics Manufacturing Corp. RF Choke Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Delta Electronics Manufacturing Corp. RF Choke Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Delta Electronics Manufacturing Corp. RF Choke Production Market Share in Global Market Table Delta Electronics Manufacturing Corp. Recent Development Table Gowanda Company Details Table Gowanda Description and Business Overview Table Gowanda RF Choke Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Gowanda RF Choke Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Gowanda RF Choke Production Market Share in Global Market Table Gowanda Recent Development Table Mini Circuits Company Details Table Mini Circuits Description and Business Overview Table Mini Circuits RF Choke Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Mini Circuits RF Choke Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Mini Circuits RF Choke Production Market Share in Global Market Table Mini Circuits Recent Development Table Murata Company Details Table Murata Description and Business Overview Table Murata RF Choke Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table Murata RF Choke Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table Murata RF Choke Production Market Share in Global Market Table Murata Recent Development Table TDK Company Details Table TDK Description and Business Overview Table TDK RF Choke Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table TDK RF Choke Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table TDK RF Choke Production Market Share in Global Market Table TDK Recent Development Table West Coast Magnetics Company Details Table West Coast Magnetics Description and Business Overview Table West Coast Magnetics RF Choke Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020) Table West Coast Magnetics RF Choke Production Growth Rate (2016-2020) Table West Coast Magnetics RF Choke Production Market Share in Global Market Table West Coast Magnetics Recent Development Table Global RF Choke Capacity, Production Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Global RF Choke Capacity Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Global RF Choke Production Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Global RF Choke Production Value Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$) Table Global RF Choke Production Value Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$) Table Global RF Choke Production Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (K Units) Table Global RF Choke Production Market Share Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 Table Global RF Choke Production Value Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (Million US$) Table Global RF Choke Consumption Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (K Units) Table Global RF Choke Consumption Market Share Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 Table United States RF Choke Production and Production Value Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) & (Million US$) Figure United States RF Choke Production Growth Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Table United States RF Choke Production Value Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$) Figure United States RF Choke Consumption Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Table European Union RF Choke Production and Production Value Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) & (Million US$) Figure European Union RF Choke Production Growth Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Table European Union RF Choke Production Value Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$) Figure European Union RF Choke Consumption Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Table China RF Choke Production and Production Value Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) & (Million US$) Figure China RF Choke Production Growth Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Table China RF Choke Production Value Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$) Figure China RF Choke Consumption Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Japan RF Choke Production Growth Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Japan RF Choke Consumption Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Korea RF Choke Production Growth Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Korea RF Choke Consumption Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure India RF Choke Production Growth Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure India RF Choke Consumption Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Southeast Asia RF Choke Production Growth Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Southeast Asia RF Choke Consumption Forecast 2021-2027 (K Units) Table Global RF Choke Production Forecast by Type 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Global RF Choke Production Forecast by Type 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Global RF Choke Production Market Share Forecast by Type 2021-2027 Table Global RF Choke Production Value Forecast by Type 2021-2027 (Million US$) Figure Global RF Choke Production Value Forecast by Type 2021-2027 (Million US$) Figure Global RF Choke Production Value Market Share Forecast by Type 2021-2027 Table Global RF Choke Consumption Forecast by Application 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Global RF Choke Consumption Forecast by Application 2021-2027 (K Units) Figure Global RF Choke Consumption Market Share Forecast by Application 2021-2027 Figure RF Choke Value Chain Table RF Choke Distributors List Table RF Choke Customers List Table Porter's Five Forces Analysis Table Research Programs/Design for This Report Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure Data Triangulation Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources