2021-03-01
Published Date
Consumer Discretionary
Industry
100
Pages
The latest study on Grill Microwave Market by Read Market Research provides a detailed summary and overview of the global market. The base year considered in this report is considered 2020 whereas information for 2021 is estimated and forecast from 2022 till 2027. The CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) period of this report is 2021-2027. The Global Grill Microwave Market is valued at USD XX Million in the year 2020 and is estimated to grow at USD XX Million by the end of year 2027.The report will shed light on very important growth aspect of Grill Microwave and is a must have data for all the companies, investors, decision makers, top level executives and readers.
The segmental analysis of the report provides detailed analysis on Revenue, Growth, Forecast By Region, Type and Applications for the period 2016-2027.
The major vendors covered:
Electrolux
Whirlpool
GE
Sumsung
Panasonic
Siemens
LG
Gree
Haier
Bosch
Sharp
Indesit
Fotile
Vatti
Grill Microwave Market Analysis By Type Segment:
< 22 L
22 - 25 L
> 25 L
Grill Microwave Market Analysis By Application Segment:
Residential
Commercial
Grill Microwave Market Analysis By Regions (Countries):
The Grill Microwave Market has been thoroughly researched with the help of Primary and Secondary Research and has been validated by conduction interviews with industry experts across all the regions. As it is global study, we have included all the major regions.
Bottom Up approach has been used to derive and define the market size and shares of regions. Regions such as U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. has been taken into consideration while deriving the market size and shares of regions.
Key Details of Regions and Countries of Grill Microwave Report:
United States
China
European Union
Rest of World (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
Key data provided:
Market Size of Regions
Market Share of Regions
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
Historic Data From 2016-2020
Forecast Data From 2021-2027
Competitive Landscape of Grill Microwave Market:
Grill Microwave market competitive landscape analysis sheds light on the current market structure by players. The report will help the readers to understand some most important questions of the global market.
Key Questions Answered in Competitive Landscape-
Detailed information about Key Top Competitors in the Global Grill Microwave Market
What is the expected Market size and growth rate of the Grill Microwave market for the forecast period
Where is the largest and fastest growing market for Grill Microwave market
How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets
What forces will shape the market going forward
Can I include additional segmentation / market segmentation
Grill Microwave market global report answers all these questions and many more.
The study objectives are:
To analyze and research the Grill Microwave Market status and future forecast.
To present the key Grill Microwave Market analysis of companies and present revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market
Table of Contents
1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Grill Microwave Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2021-2027)
1.3.2 < 22 L
1.3.3 22 - 25 L
1.3.4 > 25 L
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Grill Microwave Market Share by Application (2021-2027)
1.4.2 Residential
1.4.3 Commercial
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global Grill Microwave Market Size
2.1.1 Global Grill Microwave Revenue 2016-2027
2.1.2 Global Grill Microwave Sales 2016-2027
2.2 Grill Microwave Growth Rate by Regions
2.2.1 Global Grill Microwave Sales by Regions 2016-2020
2.2.2 Global Grill Microwave Revenue by Regions 2016-2020
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Grill Microwave Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Grill Microwave Sales by Manufacturers 2016-2020
3.1.2 Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Manufacturers 2016-2020
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Grill Microwave Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
3.2.2 Grill Microwave Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
3.2.3 Global Grill Microwave Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Grill Microwave Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Grill Microwave Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Grill Microwave Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Grill Microwave Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Sales and Revenue for Each Type
4.1.1 < 22 L Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
4.1.2 22 - 25 L Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
4.1.3 > 25 L Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
4.2 Global Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Grill Microwave Revenue Market Share by Type
4.4 Grill Microwave Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Grill Microwave Sales by Application
6 United States
6.1 United States Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Company
6.2 United States Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Type
6.3 United States Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Application
7 European Union
7.1 European Union Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Company
7.2 European Union Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Type
7.3 European Union Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Application
8 China
8.1 China Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Company
8.2 China Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Type
8.3 China Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Application
9 Rest of World
9.1 Rest of World Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Company
9.2 Rest of World Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Type
9.3 Rest of World Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Application
9.4 Rest of World Grill Microwave Breakdown Data by Countries
9.4.1 Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales by Countries
9.4.2 Rest of World Grill Microwave Revenue by Countries
9.4.3 Japan
9.4.4 Korea
9.4.5 India
9.4.6 Southeast Asia
10 Company Profiles
10.1 Electrolux
10.1.1 Electrolux Company Details
10.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.1.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Grill Microwave
10.1.4 Grill Microwave Product Introduction
10.1.5 Electrolux Recent Development
10.2 Whirlpool
10.2.1 Whirlpool Company Details
10.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.2.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Grill Microwave
10.2.4 Grill Microwave Product Introduction
10.2.5 Whirlpool Recent Development
10.3 GE
10.3.1 GE Company Details
10.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.3.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Grill Microwave
10.3.4 Grill Microwave Product Introduction
10.3.5 GE Recent Development
10.4 Sumsung
10.4.1 Sumsung Company Details
10.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.4.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Grill Microwave
10.4.4 Grill Microwave Product Introduction
10.4.5 Sumsung Recent Development
10.5 Panasonic
10.5.1 Panasonic Company Details
10.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.5.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Grill Microwave
10.5.4 Grill Microwave Product Introduction
10.5.5 Panasonic Recent Development
10.6 Siemens
10.6.1 Siemens Company Details
10.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.6.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Grill Microwave
10.6.4 Grill Microwave Product Introduction
10.6.5 Siemens Recent Development
10.7 LG
10.7.1 LG Company Details
10.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.7.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Grill Microwave
10.7.4 Grill Microwave Product Introduction
10.7.5 LG Recent Development
10.8 Gree
10.8.1 Gree Company Details
10.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.8.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Grill Microwave
10.8.4 Grill Microwave Product Introduction
10.8.5 Gree Recent Development
10.9 Haier
10.9.1 Haier Company Details
10.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.9.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Grill Microwave
10.9.4 Grill Microwave Product Introduction
10.9.5 Haier Recent Development
10.10 Bosch
10.10.1 Bosch Company Details
10.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.10.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Grill Microwave
10.10.4 Grill Microwave Product Introduction
10.10.5 Bosch Recent Development
10.11 Sharp
10.12 Indesit
10.13 Fotile
10.14 Vatti
11 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
11.1 Value Chain Analysis
11.2 Sales Channels Analysis
11.2.1 Grill Microwave Sales Channels
11.2.2 Grill Microwave Distributors
11.3 Grill Microwave Customers
12 Market Forecast
12.1 Global Grill Microwave Sales and Revenue Forecast 2021-2027
12.2 Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast by Type
12.3 Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast by Application
12.4 Grill Microwave Forecast by Regions
12.4.1 Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
12.4.2 Global Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
12.5 United States Market Forecast
12.6 European Union Market Forecast
12.7 China Market Forecast
12.8 Rest of World
12.8.1 Japan
12.8.2 Korea
12.8.3 India
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Research Methodology
14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
14.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
14.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
14.1.2 Data Source
14.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
14.1.2.2 Primary Sources
14.2 Author Details
14.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Grill Microwave Product Picture
Table Grill Microwave Key Market Segments
Table Major Manufacturers Grill Microwave Covered in This Report
Table Global Grill Microwave Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2021-2027 (Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Market Shar by Type 2016-2027
Figure < 22 L Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of < 22 L
Figure 22 - 25 L Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of 22 - 25 L
Figure > 25 L Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of > 25 L
Table Global Grill Microwave Market Share by Application 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Residential Use Case
Figure Commercial Use Case
Figure Grill Microwave Report Years Considered
Figure Global Grill Microwave Market Size 2016-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales 2016-2020 (Units)
Table Global Grill Microwave Market Size by Regions 2016-2020 (Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales by Regions 2016-2020 (Units)
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Global Grill Microwave Revenue by Regions 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table Global Grill Microwave Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Grill Microwave Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
Figure Global Grill Microwave Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (Units)
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Grill Microwave Revenue by Manufacturers (2016-2020) (Million USD)
Table Grill Microwave Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2020)
Figure Grill Microwave Value Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Table Global Grill Microwave Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Key Manufacturers Grill Microwave Price (2016-2020) (USD/Unit)
Table Key Manufacturers Grill Microwave Plants/Factories Distribution
Table Key Manufacturers Grill Microwave Area Served
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Grill Microwave Market
Table Key Manufacturers Grill Microwave Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global < 22 L Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global 22 - 25 L Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global > 25 L Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales by Type (2016-2020) (Units)
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Global Grill Microwave Revenue by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$)
Table Global Grill Microwave Revenue Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Grill Microwave Price by Type 2016-2020 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales by Application (2016-2020) (Units)
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Global Sales Grill Microwave Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Global Sales Grill Microwave Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure United States Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Units)
Figure United States Grill Microwave Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table United States Grill Microwave Sales by Company (2016-2020) (Units)
Table United States Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure United States Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table United States Grill Microwave Sales by Type (2016-2020) (Units)
Table United States Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure United States Grill Microwave Market Share by Type in 2020
Table United States Grill Microwave Sales by Application (2016-2020) (Units)
Table United States Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure United States Grill Microwave Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure European Union Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Units)
Figure European Union Grill Microwave Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table European Union Grill Microwave Sales by Company (2016-2020) (Units)
Table European Union Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure European Union Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table European Union Grill Microwave Sales by Type (2016-2020) (Units)
Table European Union Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure 2020 European Union Grill Microwave Market Share by Type
Table European Union Grill Microwave Sales by Application (2016-2020) (Units)
Table European Union Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure 2020 European Union Grill Microwave Market Share by Application
Figure China Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Units)
Figure China Grill Microwave Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table China Grill Microwave Sales by Company (2016-2020) (Units)
Table China Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure China Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table China Grill Microwave Sales by Type (2016-2020) (Units)
Table China Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure China Grill Microwave Market Share by Type in 2020
Table China Grill Microwave Sales by Application (2016-2020) (Units)
Table China Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure China Grill Microwave Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Units)
Figure Rest of World Grill Microwave Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales by Company (2016-2020) (Units)
Table Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Company (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
Table Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales by Type (2016-2020) (Units)
Table Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Grill Microwave Market Share by Type in 2020
Table Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales by Application (2016-2020) (Units)
Table Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Grill Microwave Market Share by Application in 2020
Table Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales by Countries (2016-2020) (Units)
Table Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Countries (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Grill Microwave Sales Market Share by Countries in 2020
Table Rest of World Grill Microwave Revenue by Countries (2016-2020) (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Grill Microwave Revenue Market Share by Countries (2016-2020)
Figure Rest of World Grill Microwave Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2020
Figure Japan Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (Units)
Figure Japan Grill Microwave Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (Units)
Figure Korea Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (Units)
Figure Korea Grill Microwave Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (Units)
Figure India Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (Units)
Figure India Grill Microwave Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Grill Microwave Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (Units)
Table Electrolux Company Details
Table Electrolux Description and Business Overview
Table Electrolux Grill Microwave Sales (Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Electrolux Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Electrolux Grill Microwave Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Electrolux Recent Development
Table Whirlpool Company Details
Table Whirlpool Description and Business Overview
Table Whirlpool Grill Microwave Sales (Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Whirlpool Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Whirlpool Grill Microwave Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Whirlpool Recent Development
Table GE Company Details
Table GE Description and Business Overview
Table GE Grill Microwave Sales (Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table GE Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table GE Grill Microwave Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table GE Recent Development
Table Sumsung Company Details
Table Sumsung Description and Business Overview
Table Sumsung Grill Microwave Sales (Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Sumsung Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Sumsung Grill Microwave Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Sumsung Recent Development
Table Panasonic Company Details
Table Panasonic Description and Business Overview
Table Panasonic Grill Microwave Sales (Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Panasonic Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Panasonic Grill Microwave Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Panasonic Recent Development
Table Siemens Company Details
Table Siemens Description and Business Overview
Table Siemens Grill Microwave Sales (Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Siemens Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Siemens Grill Microwave Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Siemens Recent Development
Table LG Company Details
Table LG Description and Business Overview
Table LG Grill Microwave Sales (Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table LG Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table LG Grill Microwave Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table LG Recent Development
Table Gree Company Details
Table Gree Description and Business Overview
Table Gree Grill Microwave Sales (Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Gree Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Gree Grill Microwave Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Gree Recent Development
Table Haier Company Details
Table Haier Description and Business Overview
Table Haier Grill Microwave Sales (Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Haier Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Haier Grill Microwave Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Haier Recent Development
Table Bosch Company Details
Table Bosch Description and Business Overview
Table Bosch Grill Microwave Sales (Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2020)
Table Bosch Grill Microwave Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
Table Bosch Grill Microwave Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Bosch Recent Development
Table Sharp Company Details
Table Indesit Company Details
Table Fotile Company Details
Table Vatti Company Details
Figure Grill Microwave Value Chain
Table Grill Microwave Distributors List
Table Grill Microwave Customers List
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast by Type 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast by Type 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Market Share Forecast by Type 2021-2027
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast by Application 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast by Application 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Market Share Forecast by Application 2021-2027
Table Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Sales Market Share Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
Table Global Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Global Grill Microwave Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
Figure United States Grill Microwave Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure United States Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure European Union Grill Microwave Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure European Union Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure China Grill Microwave Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure China Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Japan Grill Microwave Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Japan Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Korea Grill Microwave Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Korea Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure India Grill Microwave Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure India Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Figure Southeast Asia Grill Microwave Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Grill Microwave Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources