readmarketresearch

Description:

                                 
                            The latest study on Beer Malt Market by Read Market Research provides a detailed summary and overview of the global market. The base year considered in this report is considered 2020 whereas information for 2021 is estimated and forecast from 2022 till 2027. The CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) period of this report is 2021-2027. The Global Beer Malt Market is valued at USD XX Million in the year 2020 and is estimated to grow at USD XX Million by the end of year 2027.The report will shed light on very important growth aspect of Beer Malt and is a must have data for all the companies, investors, decision makers, top level executives and readers. 

The segmental analysis of the report provides detailed analysis on Revenue, Growth, Forecast By Region, Type and Applications for the period 2016-2027.

The major vendors covered:

Cargill
Graincorp
Soufflet Group
Malteurop North America Inc.
Agraria
Viking Malt AB
Ireks GmbH
Simpsons Malt Limited
Barmalt Malting India Pvt. Ltd.


Beer Malt Market Analysis By Type Segment:

Base Malts
Specialty Malts


Beer Malt Market Analysis By Application Segment:

Ales
Lagers
Stouts & Porters
Malts


Beer Malt Market Analysis By Regions (Countries):

The Beer Malt Market has been thoroughly researched with the help of Primary and Secondary Research and has been validated by conduction interviews with industry experts across all the regions. As it is global study, we have included all the major regions. 

Bottom Up approach has been used to derive and define the market size and shares of regions. Regions such as U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. has been taken into consideration while deriving the market size and shares of regions.

Key Details of Regions and Countries of Beer Malt Report:

    United States
    China
    European Union
    Rest of World (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)


Key data provided:
	Market Size of Regions 
	Market Share of Regions 
	Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
	Historic Data From 2016-2020
	Forecast Data From 2021-2027

Competitive Landscape of Beer Malt Market:

Beer Malt market competitive landscape analysis sheds light on the current market structure by players. The report will help the readers to understand some most important questions of the global market. 

Key Questions Answered in Competitive Landscape-

	List of Key Players
	Revenue By players
	Market share of players
	Product Offerings

The study objectives are:
    To analyze and research the Beer Malt Market status and future forecast.
    To present the key Beer Malt Market analysis of companies and present revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
    To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications 
    To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
    To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions
    To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market

                           

Table Of Contents:

                            Table of Contents

1 Report Overview
    1.1 Study Scope
    1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
    1.3 Market Segment by Type
        1.3.1 Global Beer Malt Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2016-2027)
        1.3.2 Base Malts
        1.3.3 Specialty Malts
    1.4 Market Segment by Application
        1.4.1 Global Beer Malt Market Share by Application (2021-2027)
        1.4.2 Ales
        1.4.3 Lagers
        1.4.4 Stouts & Porters
        1.4.5 Malts
    1.5 Study Objectives
    1.6 Years Considered

2 Global Growth Trends
    2.1 Global Beer Malt Market Size
        2.1.1 Global Beer Malt Revenue 2016-2027
        2.1.2 Global Beer Malt Sales 2016-2027
    2.2 Beer Malt Growth Rate by Regions
        2.2.1 Global Beer Malt Sales by Regions 2016-2020
        2.2.2 Global Beer Malt Revenue by Regions 2016-2020
    2.3 Industry Trends
        2.3.1 Market Top Trends
        2.3.2 Market Drivers

3 Market Share by Manufacturers
    3.1 Beer Malt Sales by Manufacturers
        3.1.1 Beer Malt Sales by Manufacturers 2020
        3.1.2 Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Manufacturers 2020
    3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
        3.2.1 Beer Malt Revenue by Manufacturers (2020)
        3.2.2 Beer Malt Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2020)
        3.2.3 Global Beer Malt Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
    3.3 Beer Malt Price by Manufacturers
    3.4 Key Manufacturers Beer Malt Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
    3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Beer Malt Market
    3.6 Key Manufacturers Beer Malt Product Offered
    3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4 Market Size by Type
    4.1 Sales and Revenue for Each Type
        4.1.1 Base Malts Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
        4.1.2 Specialty Malts Sales and Revenue (2016-2020)
    4.2 Global Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Type
    4.3 Global Beer Malt Revenue Market Share by Type
    4.4 Beer Malt Price by Type

5 Market Size by Application
    5.1 Overview
    5.2 Global Beer Malt Sales by Application

6 United States
   6.1 United States Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Company
   6.2 United States Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Type
   6.3 United States Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Application

7 European Union
   7.1 European Union Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Company
   7.2 European Union Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Type
   7.3 European Union Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Application

8 China
   8.1 China Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Company
   8.2 China Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Type
   8.3 China Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Application

9 Rest of World
    9.1 Rest of World Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Company
    9.2 Rest of World Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Type
    9.3 Rest of World Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Application
    9.4 Rest of World Beer Malt Breakdown Data by Countries
        9.4.1 Rest of World Beer Malt Sales by Countries
        9.4.2 Rest of World Beer Malt Revenue by Countries
        9.4.3 Japan
        9.4.4 Korea
        9.4.5 India
        9.4.6 Southeast Asia

10 Company Profiles
    10.1 Cargill
        10.1.1 Cargill Company Details
        10.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
        10.1.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Beer Malt
        10.1.4 Beer Malt Product Introduction
        10.1.5 Cargill Recent Development
    10.2 Graincorp
        10.2.1 Graincorp Company Details
        10.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
        10.2.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Beer Malt
        10.2.4 Beer Malt Product Introduction
        10.2.5 Graincorp Recent Development
    10.3 Soufflet Group
        10.3.1 Soufflet Group Company Details
        10.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
        10.3.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Beer Malt
        10.3.4 Beer Malt Product Introduction
        10.3.5 Soufflet Group Recent Development
    10.4 Malteurop North America Inc.
        10.4.1 Malteurop North America Inc. Company Details
        10.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
        10.4.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Beer Malt
        10.4.4 Beer Malt Product Introduction
        10.4.5 Malteurop North America Inc. Recent Development
    10.5 Agraria
        10.5.1 Agraria Company Details
        10.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
        10.5.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Beer Malt
        10.5.4 Beer Malt Product Introduction
        10.5.5 Agraria Recent Development
    10.6 Viking Malt AB
        10.6.1 Viking Malt AB Company Details
        10.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
        10.6.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Beer Malt
        10.6.4 Beer Malt Product Introduction
        10.6.5 Viking Malt AB Recent Development
    10.7 Ireks GmbH
        10.7.1 Ireks GmbH Company Details
        10.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
        10.7.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Beer Malt
        10.7.4 Beer Malt Product Introduction
        10.7.5 Ireks GmbH Recent Development
    10.8 Simpsons Malt Limited
        10.8.1 Simpsons Malt Limited Company Details
        10.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
        10.8.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Beer Malt
        10.8.4 Beer Malt Product Introduction
        10.8.5 Simpsons Malt Limited Recent Development
    10.9 Barmalt Malting India Pvt. Ltd.
        10.9.1 Barmalt Malting India Pvt. Ltd. Company Details
        10.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
        10.9.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Beer Malt
        10.9.4 Beer Malt Product Introduction
        10.9.5 Barmalt Malting India Pvt. Ltd. Recent Development

11 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
    11.1 Value Chain Analysis
    11.2 Sales Channels Analysis
        11.2.1 Beer Malt Sales Channels
        11.2.2 Beer Malt Distributors
    11.3 Beer Malt Customers

12 Market Forecast
    12.1 Global Beer Malt Sales and Revenue Forecast 2021-2027
    12.2 Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast by Type
    12.3 Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast by Application
    12.4 Beer Malt Forecast by Regions
        12.4.1 Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
        12.4.2 Global Beer Malt Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
    12.5 United States Market Forecast
    12.6 European Union Market Forecast
    12.7 China Market Forecast
    12.8 Rest of World
        12.8.1 Japan
        12.8.2 Korea
        12.8.3 India

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendix
    14.1 Research Methodology
        14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
            14.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
            14.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
            14.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
        14.1.2 Data Source
            14.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
            14.1.2.2 Primary Sources
    14.2 Author Details
    14.3 Disclaimer



                        

TABLES AND FIGURES

                         List of Tables and Figures

    Figure Beer Malt Product Picture
    Table Beer Malt Key Market Segments
    Table Major Manufacturers Beer Malt Covered in This Report
    Table Global Beer Malt Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2021-2027 (K MT) & (Million US$)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Market Shar by Type 2016-2027
    Figure Base Malts Figures
    Table Major Manufacturers of Base Malts
    Figure Specialty Malts Figures
    Table Major Manufacturers of Specialty Malts
    Table Global Beer Malt Market Share by Application 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Ales Use Case
    Figure Lagers Use Case
    Figure Stouts & Porters Use Case
    Figure Malts Use Case
    Figure Beer Malt Report Years Considered
    Figure Global Beer Malt Market Size 2016-2027 (Million US$)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales 2016-2020 (K MT)
    Table Global Beer Malt Market Size by Regions 2016-2020 (K MT) & (Million US$)
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales by Regions 2016-2020 (K MT)
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Regions in 2020
    Table Global Beer Malt Revenue by Regions 2016-2020 (Million US$)
    Table Global Beer Malt Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
    Figure Global Beer Malt Revenue Market Share by Regions 2016-2020
    Figure Global Beer Malt Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2020
    Table Market Top Trends
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales by Manufacturers (2020) (K MT)
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2020
    Table Beer Malt Revenue by Manufacturers (2020) (Million USD)
    Table Beer Malt Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2020)
    Figure Beer Malt Value Share by Manufacturers in 2020
    Table Global Beer Malt Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
    Table Key Manufacturers Beer Malt Price (2016-2020) (USD/MT)
    Table Key Manufacturers Beer Malt Plants/Factories Distribution
    Table Key Manufacturers Beer Malt Area Served
    Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Beer Malt Market
    Table Key Manufacturers Beer Malt Product Type
    Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
    Table Global Base Malts Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K MT) & (Million US$)
    Table Global Specialty Malts Sales and Revenue (2016-2020) (K MT) & (Million US$)
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales Share by Type (2016-2020)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Type in 2020
    Table Global Beer Malt Revenue by Type (2016-2020) (Million US$)
    Table Global Beer Malt Revenue Share by Type (2016-2020)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Revenue Market Share by Type in 2020
    Table Beer Malt Price by Type 2016-2020 (USD/MT)
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales Share by Application (2016-2020)
    Figure Global Sales Beer Malt Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
    Figure Global Sales Beer Malt Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
    Figure United States Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K MT)
    Figure United States Beer Malt Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
    Table United States Beer Malt Sales by Company (2020) (K MT)
    Table United States Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Company (2020)
    Figure United States Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
    Table United States Beer Malt Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table United States Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
    Figure United States Beer Malt Market Share by Type in 2020
    Table United States Beer Malt Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table United States Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
    Figure United States Beer Malt Market Share by Application in 2020
    Figure European Union Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K MT)
    Figure European Union Beer Malt Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
    Table European Union Beer Malt Sales by Company (2020) (K MT)
    Table European Union Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Company (2020)
    Figure European Union Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
    Table European Union Beer Malt Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table European Union Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
    Figure 2020 European Union Beer Malt Market Share by Type
    Table European Union Beer Malt Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table European Union Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
    Figure 2020 European Union Beer Malt Market Share by Application
    Figure China Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K MT)
    Figure China Beer Malt Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
    Table China Beer Malt Sales by Company (2020) (K MT)
    Table China Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Company (2020)
    Figure China Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
    Table China Beer Malt Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table China Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
    Figure China Beer Malt Market Share by Type in 2020
    Table China Beer Malt Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table China Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
    Figure China Beer Malt Market Share by Application in 2020
    Figure Rest of World Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate 2016-2020 (K MT)
    Figure Rest of World Beer Malt Revenue Growth Rate 2016-2020 (Million US$)
    Table Rest of World Beer Malt Sales by Company (2020) (K MT)
    Table Rest of World Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Company (2020)
    Figure Rest of World Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Company in 2020
    Table Rest of World Beer Malt Sales by Type (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table Rest of World Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2020)
    Figure Rest of World Beer Malt Market Share by Type in 2020
    Table Rest of World Beer Malt Sales by Application (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table Rest of World Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2020)
    Figure Rest of World Beer Malt Market Share by Application in 2020
    Table Rest of World Beer Malt Sales by Countries (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table Rest of World Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Countries (2016-2020)
    Figure Rest of World Beer Malt Sales Market Share by Countries in 2020
    Table Rest of World Beer Malt Revenue by Countries (2016-2020) (Million US$)
    Table Rest of World Beer Malt Revenue Market Share by Countries (2016-2020)
    Figure Rest of World Beer Malt Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2020
    Figure Japan Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Figure Japan Beer Malt Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Figure Korea Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Figure Korea Beer Malt Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Figure India Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Figure India Beer Malt Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Figure Southeast Asia Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Figure Southeast Asia Beer Malt Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2020) (K MT)
    Table Cargill Company Details
    Table Cargill Description and Business Overview
    Table Cargill Beer Malt Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020)
    Table Cargill Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
    Table Cargill Beer Malt Sales Market Share in Global Market
    Table Cargill Recent Development
    Table Graincorp Company Details
    Table Graincorp Description and Business Overview
    Table Graincorp Beer Malt Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020)
    Table Graincorp Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
    Table Graincorp Beer Malt Sales Market Share in Global Market
    Table Graincorp Recent Development
    Table Soufflet Group Company Details
    Table Soufflet Group Description and Business Overview
    Table Soufflet Group Beer Malt Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020)
    Table Soufflet Group Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
    Table Soufflet Group Beer Malt Sales Market Share in Global Market
    Table Soufflet Group Recent Development
    Table Malteurop North America Inc. Company Details
    Table Malteurop North America Inc. Description and Business Overview
    Table Malteurop North America Inc. Beer Malt Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020)
    Table Malteurop North America Inc. Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
    Table Malteurop North America Inc. Beer Malt Sales Market Share in Global Market
    Table Malteurop North America Inc. Recent Development
    Table Agraria Company Details
    Table Agraria Description and Business Overview
    Table Agraria Beer Malt Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020)
    Table Agraria Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
    Table Agraria Beer Malt Sales Market Share in Global Market
    Table Agraria Recent Development
    Table Viking Malt AB Company Details
    Table Viking Malt AB Description and Business Overview
    Table Viking Malt AB Beer Malt Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020)
    Table Viking Malt AB Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
    Table Viking Malt AB Beer Malt Sales Market Share in Global Market
    Table Viking Malt AB Recent Development
    Table Ireks GmbH Company Details
    Table Ireks GmbH Description and Business Overview
    Table Ireks GmbH Beer Malt Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020)
    Table Ireks GmbH Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
    Table Ireks GmbH Beer Malt Sales Market Share in Global Market
    Table Ireks GmbH Recent Development
    Table Simpsons Malt Limited Company Details
    Table Simpsons Malt Limited Description and Business Overview
    Table Simpsons Malt Limited Beer Malt Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020)
    Table Simpsons Malt Limited Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
    Table Simpsons Malt Limited Beer Malt Sales Market Share in Global Market
    Table Simpsons Malt Limited Recent Development
    Table Barmalt Malting India Pvt. Ltd. Company Details
    Table Barmalt Malting India Pvt. Ltd. Description and Business Overview
    Table Barmalt Malting India Pvt. Ltd. Beer Malt Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020)
    Table Barmalt Malting India Pvt. Ltd. Beer Malt Sales Growth Rate (2016-2020)
    Table Barmalt Malting India Pvt. Ltd. Beer Malt Sales Market Share in Global Market
    Table Barmalt Malting India Pvt. Ltd. Recent Development
    Figure Beer Malt Value Chain
    Table Beer Malt Distributors List
    Table Beer Malt Customers List
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K MT) & (Million US$)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast by Type 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast by Type 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Market Share Forecast by Type 2021-2027
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast by Application 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast by Application 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Market Share Forecast by Application 2021-2027
    Table Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Sales Market Share Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
    Table Global Beer Malt Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Revenue Forecast by Regions 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Global Beer Malt Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2021-2027
    Figure United States Beer Malt Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure United States Beer Malt Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
    Figure European Union Beer Malt Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure European Union Beer Malt Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
    Figure China Beer Malt Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure China Beer Malt Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
    Figure Japan Beer Malt Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Japan Beer Malt Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
    Figure Korea Beer Malt Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Korea Beer Malt Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
    Figure India Beer Malt Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure India Beer Malt Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
    Figure Southeast Asia Beer Malt Sales Forecast 2021-2027 (K MT)
    Figure Southeast Asia Beer Malt Revenue Forecast 2021-2027 (Million US$)
    Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
    Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
    Figure Data Triangulation
    Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
    Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources